1. Warm-up
How does the hydrosphere, atmosphere, and geosphere affect the biosphere?
How do members of the biosphere affect the geosphere?
How do members of the biosphere affect the hydrosphere and atmosphere?
Does the biosphere influence the other spheres more than the other spheres influence the biosphere? Explain your answer.

2. Scientific Method State the Problem or Question.
Research/Collect Information
Form a Hypothesis
Test your Hypothesis- “Experiment”
Accept or Reject your Hypothesis- “Analyze”
Report your Results- “Conclusion”

3. Scientific Method State the Problem or Question
State the problem to be solved or the question to be answered.

4. Scientific Method Research/Collect Information
Obtain facts and ideas from books, journals, internet, etc. that provide insight regarding your problem/question.
It is important to organize and cite these resources.

5. Scientific Method
An observation is the description of an event by using any or all of the five senses.
Qualitative – describes the observation
Quantitative – measures the observation

6. Scientific Method
An inference is a conclusion or judgment based on prior knowledge and observations but arrived at indirectly rather than directly.

7. Indicate whether the statement is an observation or an inference.
The satellite photo shows dust and ash in the sky.
The ash and dust came from a volcano.
The rock is green in color.
The stream flows at 5 ft/sec.
The rock was formed in a shallow sea.
The rock was formed under extreme heat and pressure.
The mineral tastes salty.
The meteorologists predicts rain for tomorrow.

8. T. Trimpe 2008 http://sciencespot.net/
Science Scramble
Science Experiments
T. Trimpe

9. 1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P
Can you unscramble all the words below? Hint: They are all related to science experiments.
1. A D T A
2. P O H T E H I S Y S
3. O R C D E R U P
4. N O C U C L I N O S
5. L A Y S N A I S

10. 1. A D T A 2. P O H T E H I S Y S 3. O R C D E R U P
The answers are ...
1. A D T A
2. P O H T E H I S Y S
3. O R C D E R U P
4. N O C U C L I N O S
5. L A Y S N A I S
DATA
HYPOTHESIS
PROCEDURE
CONCLUSION
ANALYSIS

11. Scientific Method Form a Hypothesis
Based on the information/research you collect, propose a solution or “best guess” that will help guide your experimentation and attempt to answer the proposed problem/question.

12. Scientific Method
Hypothesis – educated guess or prediction based on observation that is testable.

13. Scientific Method Test your Hypothesis- “Experiment”
Describe, design, and conduct an experiment that would give you information or data that supports (or not) your hypothesis.

14. Science Skills When you estimate, you make careful guesses
When you need exact and careful information about an observation, you measure
Measurements include both a number and a unit
When you predict, you state what you think might happen in the future
When you classify, you group things based on how they are alike

15. Experimental Design
Experiment - organized procedure for testing a hypothesis
Key Components:
Control - standard for comparison
Single variable - keep other factors constant
Repeated trials - for reliability

16. Experimental Design Types of Variables Independent Variable
adjusted by the experimenter
what you vary
Dependent Variable
changes in response to the indep. variable
what you measure

17. Scientific Method Accept or Reject Your Hypothesis- “Analyze”
Determine whether your data/results from experiment supports (or not) your hypothesis; if not, it may be necessary to review your information/research and revise your hypothesis.

18. Scientific Method Report Your Results- “Conclusion”
Formulate a conclusion that answers the original question from step one and share the results with the scientific community (or the community at large).
Explains observations and accept or reject hypothesis.

19. Scientific Method Theory - explanation of “why”
well tested and widely accepted
most logical explanation of scientific observations
Scientific Law - prediction of “what”
describes a pattern in nature

20. THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE!
Scientific Method
Theories and laws are well-accepted by scientists, but...
THEY ARE NOT SET IN STONE!
They are revised when new information is discovered.