1. Nationalism and Further Growth Chapter: Nine Pages: 140-147

2. Vocabulary  Canal: A waterway dug across a stretch of land.  Communication: The passing along of information, the exchange of messages.  Destined: Bound to happen.  Expansion: Growth outward.  Immigrants: People who came into a country not of their birth in order to settle there.

3. Vocabulary  Parallel: One of the imaginary lines around the Earth that runs in the same direction as the equator.  Territory: The land ruled by a nation. A territory does not have the full rights of a state.  Transportation: The moving of goods and people from one place to another.

4. Mid-1800’s  The mid-1800’s were exciting times. During this time Americans were: Heading west to find new land New communications were changing.

5. New Roads  As transportation improved the West grew quickly. The National Road.  Also known as the Cumberland Road.  The National Road stretched almost from the Mississippi to Columbia, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois.  Stagecoaches and covered wagons delivered mail and newspapers.

6. New Roads  Western farmers used the road to transport: Sheep Cattle

7. The New Canals  The farmers couldn’t transport crops because they feared they would rot on the long journey from East to West.  The farmers couldn’t use the rivers because they flowed from North to South.  To fix this problem they were forced to build canals.  The Erie Canal was the longest and best known canal.

8. The New Canals  The Erie canal was used to transport crops from city to city.  Still, canals were not the perfect means of transportation.  Canals couldn’t: Go through mountains. Canals filled with ice in the winter. Boats could only go about 5 miles per hour.

9. The Railroad  Peter Cooper invented the first steam- powered train.  Using horse power, steam, boilers, and rails the first engine was up an running.  After many failures America’s transportation problem was solved and moved towards the railroad.

10. The Telegraph Changed Communication  The War of 1812 was called the war of poor communication.  Mail traveled by horseback, by boat, and later, by rail. This was still a slow way of transportation.  Samuel Mores invented the telegraph.  Morse code was sent through these telegraphs to communicate miles away using wire.  On May 24, 1844, Morse tapped out the first message and it was a success.

11. The Pony Express  The Pony Express was used to carry mail across the states.  This was a dangerous job for these young riders. They faced: Storms Indians Bandits Fast runs.  The Pony express ended in 1861 because of the telegraph.

12. Review  Name the two bodies of water linked by the Erie Canal.  What was the “Iron Horse”?  Name three ways the railways were better than roads and canals.  What did Samuel Morse invent? How did this change communications?