1. Anthrax Attacks 2001

2. Anthrax An infectious, usually fatal disease of warm-blooded animals, especially of cattle and sheep, caused by the bacterium Bacillus anthracis.

3. Transmitted The disease can be transmitted to humans through contact with contaminated animal substances, such as hair, feces, or hides, and is characterized by ulcerative skin lesions

4. Anthrax Cycle

5. First Hit First attack was one week following the 9/11 attacks Sent from Trenton to CBS News, NBC News, ABC News, and the New York Post all located in New York City.

6. The First Note The letter sent to The New York Post contained a note saying: 09-11-01 –THIS IS NEXT –TAKE PENACILIN NOW –DEATH TO AMERICA –DEATH TO ISRAEL –ALLAH IS GREAT

7. Death Attached One other letter was sent to the National Enquirer at America Media, Inc. in Boca Raton, Florida Robert Stevens- first to die from Anthrax while working at the Sun (under AMI)

8. The Next Affected October 9, 2001- the date of the next two letters sent from same Trenton return address Sent to Senators Tom Daschel and Patrick Leahy of South Dakota and Vermont

9. The Next Killed October 15, 2001- Government postal service is shut down due to Daschel’s aide opening the infected letter

10. Next Letter Found November 16, 2001- Leahy letter found in mail bag unopened in Sterling, Virginia where postal worker, David Hose was killed by inhalation Anthrax

11. Letters to Senators The letters read: –09-11-01 –YOU CAN NOT STOP US. –WE HAVE THIS ANTHRAX. –YOU DIE NOW. –ARE YOU AFRAID? –DEATH TO AMERICA. –DEATH TO ISRAEL. –ALLAH IS GREAT.

12. The Letters Found

13. Comparing First 4 letters- Anthrax in form of a granular, brown substance- only causing cutaneous anthrax (skin infections)

14. Comparing Cont. Second 2 to the senators and the Sun- in form of white, powdery substance- causing inhalation Anthrax Both from the same bacterial strain

15. Tracking the Letters

16. REWARDS A reward was posted for anyone who came forward for $2.5 million from U.S Postal Service, F.B.I. and AVDO, Inc.

17. Suspects Many theories erupted about who sent the anthrax, but no one was tried: –Came from a Military laboratory –American public became paranoid and afraid

18. More Theories –Philip Zach and Dr. Steven Hatfill both named as a “person of intrest” but both denied it Zach worked where Anthrax originated Dr. Hatfill worked at Fort Detrick at a medical research facility studying biological warfare

19. Contamination Afterwards, countless buildings were infected and contaminated -had to be fumigated by chlorine dioxide FBI suggests total clean-up cost was about $1 billion