1. Video Tutorial on Properties of Transition Metals, Complex ions and splitting of d orbitals for colour formation .
Prepared by
Lawrence Kok

2. Transition Metals – d block elements with half/partially filled d orbitals

3. Properties of Transition metals Variable oxidation states
Coloured Complexes
Variable oxidation states
Catalytic Properties
Complex ions
Taken from:
Taken from:
chemistry/unit3.5/s354/02.htm
Taken from:
states-and-catalysts/

4. Properties of Transition Metals – Variable Oxidation State

5. Properties of Transition Metals – Complex ions formation
Drawing complex ion
Overall charged on complex ion metal
Metal ion in the center (+ve charged)
Ligands attached
Dative bonds from ligands

6. Complex ions with diff metal ions, diff ligands, oxidation state and overall charged

7. How to name Complex ions and its ligands
Naming of Copper (II) Complexes

8. Strong ligand displaces weaker ligand
Complex ions with different ligands – different colours
Copper with ligand water – Blue
Copper with ligand ammonia – Deep Blue
Copper with ligand chloride - Yellow
Cobalt with ligand water – Pink
Cobalt with ligand chloride - Blue

9. Properties of Transition Metals – Coloured Complexes
Why transition metals ion complexes have different colour?
Why Titanium (III) ion is violet ?
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10. Colour formation due to splitting of 3d orbitals by ligands
Splitting of 3d orbitals by ligands – allow electronic transition from lower to higher state

11. Ti 3+ transmit blue/violet region BUT absorb green/orange/red
Ti 3+ violet due to absorption of green/yellow region to excite electrons to higher orbital level

12. Cu 2+ transmit blue/violet region BUT absorb green/orange/red
Cu 2+ blue due to absorption of green/yellow to excite electrons to higher level

13. Transition metal have different colours due to
splitting of 3d orbitals
presence of ligands which causes splitting
partially filled 3d orbitals
Why some are colourless ?
Cu 2+ anhydrous – colourless
Cu 1+ hydrous – colourless
Zn 2+ hydrous – colourless
Sc 3+ hydrous – colourless
Cu 2+ hydrous - colour
CuSO4 (anhydrous) without ligands - Colourless

14. Sc 3+ ion with ligand water - Colourless
Zn 2+ ion with ligand water - Colourless

15. Cu 1+ ion with ligand water - Colourless
Cu 2+ ion with ligand water – Colour Blue

16. Catalyst speed up reaction by
Taken from:
Taken from:

17. Uses of catalyst
Video on colour formation due to different ligands with different metals ion
Click here to view

18. Acknowledgements
Thanks to source of pictures and video used in this presentation
Thanks to Creative Commons for excellent contribution on licenses
Prepared by Lawrence Kok
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