1. An Expert System for Scoring DNA Database Profiles Dr. Mark W. Perlin Cybergenetics Pittsburgh, PA

2. Outline STR Forensic Databases STR Forensic Databases The Data Scoring Problem The Data Scoring Problem An Expert System Solution An Expert System Solution Complex DNA Analysis Complex DNA Analysis

3. Generate STR Profiles STR lengths PCR products PCR amplification electrophoretic bands size separation data pixels data acquisition PCR stutter PCR stutter preferential amp preferential amp contamination contamination peak spread peak spread lane crosstalk lane crosstalk size variation size variation baseline shift baseline shift dye bleedthrough dye bleedthrough size distortion size distortion Data artifacts

4. Analyze STR Profiles STR lengths PCR products electrophoretic bands data pixels designate alleles size & quantitate recover DNA signals check allele calls for PCR errors examine signals for separation errors inspect data for acquisition errors Human data editing Quality Assurance

5. High-Quality STR Data Scoring Generate STR Data Forensic DNA Database

6. Data Analysis: Labor Cost ≥ $1.00 per experiment

7. Computer Data Scoring STR lengths PCR products electrophoretic bands data pixels designate alleles size & quantitate recover DNA signals check allele calls for PCR errors examine signals for separation errors inspect data for acquisition errors Expert System Quality Assurance fast, accurate, objective

8. TrueAllele™ Automation Flexible automated analysis: DNA fragment sizing and quantitation Any gel or capillary sequencer data image analysis signal analysis allele assignment quality assessment Automated Analysis: Macintosh Macintosh Windows Windows UNIX UNIX Focused user review of only the 5%-10% suspect data

9. (1) Input

10. (2) Run Processing & Q/A

12. Hitachi Image Data

13. ABI/3700

14. MegaBACE

15. (3) Allelic Processing & Q/A

16. AlleleView

17. (4) Output

18. Quality Assurance Assemble cross-platform software Assemble PDF hypertext user manuals E-distribution

19. www www.cybgen.com www.cybgen.com

20. Automated Scoring: FSS/UK Generate STR Data UK National DNA Database Human reviews just 5%-10% of the data TrueAllele expert system scores all STR data and assesses data quality

21. NIJ Validation Project Automatically rescore 30,000 samples Florida database ABI/310 ABI/3700 Virginia database Hitachi/FMbio2 Virginia database Hitachi/FMbio2 Compare with CODIS profiles

22. Complex DNA Analysis Remove PCR stutter Remove PCR stutter Adjust relative amplification Adjust relative amplification Quantitate DNA band overlap Quantitate DNA band overlap Automatically resolve data artifacts Mathematical model Resolve DNA mixtures Resolve DNA mixtures

23. Mixture Deconvolution a+b a b 0.3 0.7–

24. Automated DNA Profiling STR Data Pathway Prepare Sample Prepare Sample Amplify DNA Amplify DNA Separate Sizes Separate Sizes Match Database Match Database Designate Alleles Designate Alleles