1. 1 © 2005-2006 The ATHENA Consortium. Term. Mgmt. compared to ontology creation Business importance of terms – use same term for same concept –To avoid misunderstandings that cost money, time, quality, reputation. e.g., use of standard terms and signs in the chemical industry –Use terminology database to support technical writing and translation, e.g., English to Spanish Similarity of process activities: Ontology Creation (use in programs) from book: Semantic Web Primer 1 1.Determine Scope - purpose 2.Consider reuse 3.Enumerate terms 4.Define taxonomy 5.etc.... Terminology Management (use by people) 1.Determine boundaries of subject 2.With the help of experts locate artifacts 3.Extract terms from artifacts 4.Write definitions 5.Organize terms

2. 2 © 2005-2006 The ATHENA Consortium. Standard stages to develop an ontology (by hand) 1 1.Determine Scope - purpose 2.Consider reuse of existing ontologies 3.Enumerate termsDefine Terms (this was left out of the book) –Statement from member of EU project on semantic-web services: a major barrier to re-use is poor documentation –Need definitions so that users and ontology developers can understand the ontology 4.Define taxonomy (class hierarchy) 5.Define properties 6.Define facets 7.Define instances 8.Check for anomalies, debug

3. 3 © 2005-2006 The ATHENA Consortium. Unit 3 Summary Unicode, URI XML, Namespaces RDF Core, RDF Schema, OWL, Description Logic Programming bit of OWL/Rules SparQL Rules, Logic Framework, Proof Trust, Signature, Encryption The role and importance of informal semantics

4. 4 © 2005-2006 The ATHENA Consortium. Parting thought “In principle, knowledge seems to be of two kinds, of things and of words. Knowledge of words comes earlier, but that of things is the more important. But some, the ‘uninitiated’ as the saying goes, while they hurry on to learn about things, neglect a concern for language and, striving after a false economy, incur a very heavy loss. For since things are learnt only by the sounds we attach to them, a person who is not skilled in the force of language is, of necessity, short-sighted, deluded, and unbalanced in his judgment of things as well. Finally you may observe that none are more given to constant quibbling over the minutiae of language than those who boast that they pass over mere words and concentrate on the matter itself.” 1 Desiderius Erasmus (1466-1536) Holbein's studies of Erasmus' hands, in silverpoint and chalks, ca. 1523. (Louvre) source: WikipediaLouvre