1. another economic valuation approach Kathleen L. Wolf, Ph.D. College of Forest Resources University of Washington kwolf@u.washington.edu Psychosocial Services Provided by Urban Ecosystems

2. www.cfr.washington.edu/research.envmind

3. urban nature - economic value?

4. Maia says, “science rocks!” 30+ years of urban ecosystems science: benefits & functions

5. Urban Ecosystems & Greening Environmental Services Air pollutants reduction Air pollutants reduction Nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment interception Nitrogen, phosphorus and sediment interception Carbon emissions reduction & sequestration Carbon emissions reduction & sequestration Urban heat-island cooling Urban heat-island cooling Reduced “bad” ozone Reduced “bad” ozone Stormwater runoff reduction Stormwater runoff reduction Wildlife habitat Wildlife habitat

6. Improved consumer environments in business districts - 9-12% product spending (Wolf) Improved consumer environments in business districts - 9-12% product spending (Wolf) CBD & residential market value – 1/4 mile, 17-36% (Wachter & Gillen) CBD & residential market value – 1/4 mile, 17-36% (Wachter & Gillen) Residential real estate values - 3-7% with trees in yard Residential real estate values - 3-7% with trees in yard Residential real estate values - 5-20%, proximity to natural open space (Crompton) Residential real estate values - 5-20%, proximity to natural open space (Crompton) Commercial property rental rates - 7% (Laverne) Commercial property rental rates - 7% (Laverne) Heating and cooling costs reductions Heating and cooling costs reductions Less frequent pavement replacement (McPherson) Less frequent pavement replacement (McPherson) Urban Ecosystems & Greening Community Economics

7. Quality of life Quality of life Aesthetics Aesthetics Social capital Social capital Safety and hygiene Safety and hygiene Recreation Recreation Baltimore Ecosystem Studies Ecosystem Services-Social

8. Most cherished in this mundane world is a place without traffic; truly in the midst of a city there can be mountain and forest. Wen Zhengming (1470-1559)

12. Improved surgery and illness recovery (Ulrich) Improved surgery and illness recovery (Ulrich) Stress reduction in urban lifestyles (Ulrich) Stress reduction in urban lifestyles (Ulrich) Reduced driving stress response & frustration (Parsons et al.) Reduced driving stress response & frustration (Parsons et al.) Improved community walkability, lower BMI (UW Urban Eco, Naderi et al.) Improved community walkability, lower BMI (UW Urban Eco, Naderi et al.) Urban Ecosystems & Greening Human Health & Well-Being “Human Services”

13. Higher job satisfaction, reduced absenteeism (R. Kaplan) Higher job satisfaction, reduced absenteeism (R. Kaplan) Lower crime rates in well landscaped areas (Kuo, Sullivan) Lower crime rates in well landscaped areas (Kuo, Sullivan) Reduced violence and more constructive conflict resolution in domestic conflict (Kuo, Sullivan) Reduced violence and more constructive conflict resolution in domestic conflict (Kuo, Sullivan) Reduced ADHD symptoms (Faber Taylor, Kuo) Reduced ADHD symptoms (Faber Taylor, Kuo) Urban Ecosystems & Greening Human Cognition & Functioning “Human Services”

14. valuation of human services?

15. Valuation of Greening Benefits What is it? define benefit Who, When & How? define human population Where? determine range What is full value? aggregate by place, city, nation Who should know? report results What is its worth? determine value

16. Collaboration? Economists?

17. Biophysical interventions, psychosocial interventions Biophysical interventions, psychosocial interventions Outcomes/affect detection across multiple, diverse populations Outcomes/affect detection across multiple, diverse populations Human scales: individual, households, small groups, neighborhoods, districts, city Human scales: individual, households, small groups, neighborhoods, districts, city Mappable, physical traces or artifacts of perceptions & behaviors Mappable, physical traces or artifacts of perceptions & behaviors LTER - Ecosystem Studies “ Human Services” Analysis

18. Collaboration? Economists? Questions or Comments?