1. SOC101Y Introduction to Sociology Professor Adam Green Lecture #15 Health, Disability & Aging 6 Feb 13

3. Canadian Age-Sex Pyramid, 1956-2056 You can run this program only if you have downloaded the PowerPoint version of these slides. To run the program, set PowerPoint to “Normal” view, double-click the “Pyca2056.exe” icon above, click “Yes,” and then click “Run.” The program is virus- free. (You must have Adobe Flash installed on your computer to run the program. If you want to download and install Adobe Flash, set PowerPoint to “Slide Show” view and click here for the download file and installation instructions.)here

4. “A Very Short One” Jeanne Louise Calment died in 1997 at the age of 122. An interviewer asked her in 1995 what sort of future she expects. “A very short one,” she replied.

5. 32 35 38 41 44 47 50 53 56 59 62 65 68 71 74 77 80 83 86 89 Europe 1600 Lesotho 2009 India 2009 China 2009 Russia 2009 USA 2009 Japan 2009 Canada 2009 Canada 2050 Canada 1867 Life Expectancy, Selected Countries and Years

6. Social Causes of Illness and Death  Human-environmental factors, such as industrial pollution  Lifestyle factors, such as smoking cigarettes, excessive use of alcohol and drugs, poor diet, lack of exercise, and social isolation.  Factors related to public health system (government-run programs that ensure clean drinking water, sewage and sanitation services, inoculation against infectious diseases, etc.) and healthcare system (clinics, hospitals and other facilities)

7. People with HIV/AIDS, 2009 (adult prevalence in parentheses) Total: 33.3 million (0.8%) Western and Central Europe 820,000 (0.2%) North Africa & Middle East 460,000 (0.2%) Sub-Saharan Africa 22.5 million (5.0%) Eastern Europe & Central Asia 1.4 million (0.8%) South & South-East Asia 4.1 million (0.3%) Oceania 57,000 (0.3%) North America 1.5 million (0.5%) Caribbean 240,000 (1.0%) South & Central America 2.0 million (0.6%) East Asia 770,000 (0.1%)

8. Life expectancy varies positively with…  a population’s average wealth  a population’s level of equality Poor people die younger because of…  less access to health resources  less knowledge about healthy lifestyles  less ability to control stress Gender inequality in health is due to…  gender bias in medical research  gender bias in medical treatment  women’s greater longevity  women’s greater poverty

10. Three Sociological Lessons of Shallow Hal  The human body is not just a biological entity but a social fact because we employ cultural standards to evaluate people’s bodies  Much discrimination takes place against people whose bodies do not conform to cultural ideals  People with disabilities are in fact perfectly normal

11. Selected Social Causes and Consequences of Height in Human Populations Height Proximate social causes diet disease work intensity Basic social causes income inequality public health personal hygiene quality of environment Social consequences life expectancy health cognitive development personality

12. Peter Paul Rubens Cimone and Efigenia (1617)

13. Percent of Adults Who are Overweight, Selected Countries, 2007 Percent 1.0% increase, 2001-07 2.3% increase, 2001-07 Note: Overweight adults have a Body Mass Index (BMI) of 25 or higher (BMI = weight in kilograms divided by the square of height in metres.)

14. Height, Weight and Social Status  On average, high family income results in good diet; good diet increases stature;  tall people live longer, earn more, and reach the top of their profession more quickly than short people;  overweight women complete fewer months of formal education, earn less, and are less likely to marry than women who are not overweight (overweight men are less likely to marry)

15. Important Terms  impaired = deficient in physical or mental capacity compared to the norms of society  disabled = incapable of performing within the range of “normal” human activity  ablism = prejudice and discrimination against the disabled

16. Societal Responses to Disability  Rehabilitation involves curing disabilities through medical and technological intervention; trying to improve the lives of the disabled by means of care, training, and education; and integrating the disabled into "normal" society.  Elimination involves killing the disabled or sterilizing them and preventing them from having offspring.  Normalization involves disabled people asserting their autonomy and the "dignity of difference."