1. Chapter 10 MOTIVATION When you finish this chapter you will be able to:  Classifying theories of motivation  Content theories of motivation  Process theories of motivation  Applications of work motivation 1

2. 1. Classifying theories of motivation  Content theories: -Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory -Herzberg Two Factor Theory -Achievement Motivation Theory  Process theories : -Goal Setting Theory -Vroom's Expectancy Theory -Adam's Equity Theory -Poter's Performance Satisfaction Model 2

3. 2. Content theories of motivation 3 Motivation is the driving force by which humans achieve their goals. Maslow's Need Hierarchy Theory

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5. Herzberg’s two-factor or Motivation hygiene theory 5

6. Achievement motivation theory 6  Achievement motivation theory: is relation personal characteristics and background to a need for achievement and the associated competitive drive to meet standards of excellence.

7. 3. Process Theories of Motivation 7  Behavior Modification Theory:  Reinforce the desired behavior: praise is much more potent than criticism or even punishment.  Immediacy matters: feedback after the event is useful at a cognitive level, but from a behavioral point of view, the feedback (praise) has to be so close to the specific bit of behavior that there is no doubt as to what it applies to.

8. 8 3. Process Theories of Motivation  Expectancy Theory: states that, individuals make decisions, which they believe will lead to reward or reduce the likelihood of pain. EFFORT PERFORMANCE OUTCOME (reward) PERSONAL GOAL Expectancy? Lead to Instruments? Lead to Valence ?

9. 9  Expectancy Theory Formula: is comprised of three components: Expectancy, Instrumentality, and Valence. M= E×I×V M=Motivation E=Expectancy I=Instrumentality V=Valence 3. Process Theories of Motivation

10. 10 Relation: Performance &Satisfaction Performance Intrinsic Motivation Intrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Extrinsic Motivation Getting Feel to give equity value Getting Feel to give equity value Satisfaction

11. 4. Goal Setting Theory 11  Goal specificity  Goal difficulty  Goal Feedback  Participation in goal setting  Competition

12. 5. Applications of work motivation 12  Money as motivator

13. 13  Intrinsic Rewards 5. Applications of work motivation