1. Types of Transport The various ways in which particles move in and out of cells!

2. Passive Transport No Energy is required! Moves down a concentration gradient (Particles move from high to low concentration) Three Types of Passive Transport: Diffusion, Osmosis, & Facilitated Diffusion, ion channels

3. What’s a Gradient?

4. Passive Passive High concentration Low Concentration

5. Diffusion Diffusion = net movement of particles from an area of high concentration to an area of low concentration by random motion. Molecules Reach EQUILIBRIUM: concentration of a substance is the same throughout a space.

6. Osmosis Osmosis is the movement of water from an area of high concentration to an area of lower concentration Solute: Substance that dissolves Solvent: Substance dissolving the solute Hypertonic: High amount of solutes Hypotonic: Low amount of solutes

7. Osmosis (water moves to balance solution concentrations)

8. Another Example of Osmosis Onion Cells in Hypotonic SolutionOnion Cells in Hypertonic Solution

9. Facilitated Diffusion PASSIVE TRANSPORT Diffusion of a particle naturally down a concentration gradient using a carrier protein

10. Examples of Facilitated Diffusion Receptor Mediated Facilitated Diffusion – a protein binds to a specific receptor on the cell membrane causing conformational changes of the associated carrier protein which allows the transport to the molecule to the other side of the membrane. Receptor Mediated Facilitated Diffusion – a protein binds to a specific receptor on the cell membrane causing conformational changes of the associated carrier protein which allows the transport to the molecule to the other side of the membrane. Example: Glucose Example: Glucose http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&rls =com.microsoft:en- us&q=diabetes%20how%20it%20works&um=1 &ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv# http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&rls =com.microsoft:en- us&q=diabetes%20how%20it%20works&um=1 &ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv# http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&rls =com.microsoft:en- us&q=diabetes%20how%20it%20works&um=1 &ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv# http://video.google.com/videosearch?hl=en&rls =com.microsoft:en- us&q=diabetes%20how%20it%20works&um=1 &ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=wv#

11. Ion Channels Small uncharged molecules can easily diffuse across cell membranes. However, due to the hydrophobic nature of the lipids that make up cell membranes, water-soluble molecules and ions cannot. Small uncharged molecules can easily diffuse across cell membranes. However, due to the hydrophobic nature of the lipids that make up cell membranes, water-soluble molecules and ions cannot.lipids Ion Channels are Ion Channels are hydrophilic thus allowing other polar molecules to pass molecules to pass through easily.

12. Active Transport Energy IS required Particles are being moved AGAINST a concentration gradient (Particles move from low concentration to high concentration) Three Types of Active Transport: Protein Pumps, Endocytosis & Exocytosis

13. Active Active High concentration Low Concentration

14. Sodium-Potassium Pump Proteins that use ATP to carry molecules against a concentration gradient Na+ out/K+ In Function of Na + /K + Pump: – –Creates an electrochemical gradient (action potential) sends nerve pulses http--www.stolaf.edu- people-giannini- flashanimat-transport- secondary%20active %20transport.swf http--www.stolaf.edu- people-giannini- flashanimat-transport- secondary%20active %20transport.swf http--www.stolaf.edu- people-giannini- flashanimat-transport- secondary%20active %20transport.swf http--www.stolaf.edu- people-giannini- flashanimat-transport- secondary%20active %20transport.swf

15. Endocytosis Cell ingests large macromolecules or other cells Vesicle

16. Exocytosis Opposite of Endocytosis Release of contents in the cell to the external environment Vesicle