1. Strengthening PRIs through Water Quality and Sanitary Surveillance A Case Study of Nanital District, Uttarakhand Dr. ANIL KUMAR MISHRA Consultant Key Resource Center, WATSAN National Institute of Administrative Research,LBSNAA,Mussoorie,India amishra12@yahoo.com

2. COMMUNITY –LED ACTION FOR WATER SAFTY & ENVIRONMENT SANITATION (CLAWSES) A water quality programe with community post- achievement reward scheme, piloted in DHARI Block of Nainital District, Uttarakhand province of India.

3. COMMUNITY –LED ACTION FOR WATER SAFTY & ENVIRONMENT SANITATION (CLAWSES) CLAWSES is an Inter Personal Communication based innovative approach to promote community involvement in National Rural Drinking Water Quality Monitoring & Surveillance Program

4. OBJECTIVES To develop participatory community water quality monitoring To facilitate community analysis of all drinking water sources To trigger collective realization of water source risks To bring awareness of water treatment, handling, usage and management practices

5. CLAWSES: Methodology Introduction & rapport building Mapping (“3 D”) Drinking water sources, Defecation practices and Calculation of shit and expenses on diseases (medical expenses on water borne) Demonstrations (Sanitary Survey, H2S vials and FTK) Sanitary survey and Bacteriological testing of all drinking water sources Sharing of results and development of remedial action plan Facilitators follow up visit Follow up visit include facilitating collection of O & M funds for Water Quality Monitoring System

6. LINKAGES CLAWSES School Teacher/ Govt. official/ Elected Local Leader HEALTH VWSC COMMUNITY

7. OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES Communities in 32 of 35 GPs assessed the risks with a sanitary survey and tested all 341 water sources for water quality 14 of 32 GPs repeated H2S tests during monsoon 7 GPs undertook water testing a third time 10 GPs self-declared open defecation free status In communities facing water scarcity, children began bringing water to use in school toilet

8. OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES Conti… Communities survey and bacteriological test all water sources Reward creates competition among communities CLAWSES empowers communities to tackle poor water quality and open defecation Awareness increases on water borne diseases and source protection. Health and dignity become primary Financial issues become secondary Natural leaders emerge during the CLAWSES process to lead change

9. OUTCOMES OF CLAWSES Conti… After CLAWSES, village solidarity increases Follow-up with natural leaders is critical Self-motivated villagers can facilitate CLAWSES 32 of 35 GPs have formed committees Every family in 32 of 35 GPs is contributing Rs 5 per month for O&M. Communities are ensuring sustainability without external support Results of CLAWSES are encouraging and could be replicated

10. Gram Panchayat-wise information of water sources with their risk levels as per sanitary surveys conducted during February-July 2009 by respective communities in Gram Panchayats of Blocks Dhari, Uttarakhand, India S.N.Gram PanchayatNo. of Water Sources Risk of water sources based on Sanitary Survey No. of water sample found unsafe for drinking in 1st time testing No. of water samples found unsafe for drinking in 2nd time testing Very High HighMediumLow No. 1.Dinni Malli10-14571 2.Gunialake4--133- 3.Majuli6-1324- 4.Saliakot malia9-1532- 5.Jalnilpahri6--244- 6.Silalake12-28251 7.Devnagar45-82413321 8.Sunkia8-13451 9.Parvada10000-62 10.Kaul9---95- 11.Sakdina14-2396- 12.Saliakot talla5-1224- 13.Maghera10-33423

11. 15.Latfoda5--232- 16.Buranshi5--232- 17.Dudli8--623- 18.Babyad11-245 19.Aghria9-135 20.Panyali9--36 21.Harinagar Aksoda 10-145 22.Budibana172-312 23.Dhanachulli16-610- 24.Sasbani6-5-1 25.Managher154110- 26.Kokilbana4-1211- 27.Sunderkhal21-314441 28.Gajjar511122- 29.Chakhuta9-2255- 30.Aksoda17-151114- 31.Dinitalla5----3- 32.Sarna8--625= Total34174514313118216

12. Evaluation Criteria GPs are invited to apply for a performance – based reward. Qualifying GPs plead their case to evaluation committees. Evaluation Committee then visits and score short listed GPs physically verifying and evaluating outcomes on a 100 point scale. Evaluation Criteria includes chemical testing of water sources, save usage & handling of water, personal hygiene and hand washing, solid waste management, elimination of OD, communities contribution etc.

13. Evaluation of shortlisted GPs by the evaluation team (7-21 December 2009) Marks obtained by the GPs are given in the table S.N.Name of shortlisted GPMarks obtained against maximum marks of 100 1.Sunderkhal86 2.Devnagar79 3.Sasbani75 4.Managher72 5.Guniallake58 6.Dhanachuli54 7.Mehtoliagaon48 8.Kokilbana44 9.Budibana45 10.Parvada44 11.Majuli41 12.Maghera37 13.Dudli30 14.Dini tali36 15.Babiyad44

14. Rewards After evaluation four prizes was distributed among the top performing four GPs. Ist Prize-Rs.70,000/- IInd Prize-Rs.60,000/- IIIrd Prize-Rs.50,000/- IVth Prize-Rs.20,000/-

15. Highlights of the Program Community Empowerment: Community are able to conduct Sanitary Survey and bacteriological testing of water sources (using the H2S vials, on their own. Competitive Spirit Building: Launch of reward scheme creates a spirit of competition among members of local self-government to institutionalize water quality surveillance in villages Enhanced community level governance: CLAWSES methodology is empowering process that helps communities tackle issues of poor water quality and open defecation Increased Awareness Level: Villages awareness level increases on water born disease and water source protection

16. Acknowledgement World Bank India, DDWS Government of India, District Project Management Unit Bhimtal, Knowledge Links, UNICEF – India, Director, UAOA, Nanital Deputy Director ((Training) UAOA, Nanital Director PMU, Swajal Project, Dehradun

17. Thanks