2. Are you prepared?... http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZAJbJc1aychttp://www.youtube.com/watch?v=vZAJbJc1ayc start 2:27

4. Renewable or Non-Renewable?

5. Uranium 92 U 238.02891 6 C Carbon 12.011 How many protons? How many electrons? How many neutrons? 92 protons 92 electrons 146 neutrons What is Radiation?

6. Ionizing vs. non-ionizing radiation

7. What is Radiation? Radiation = particles or rays given off by unstable atoms. 3 Types: –Alpha ( α) Travels few inches Blocked by paper (skin) –Beta ( β) Travels few feet Blocked by aluminum, glass –Gamma ( γ) Travels far Blocked by lead (steel & concrete).

8. Don’t forget: You can copy- paste this slide into other presentations, and move or resize the poll.

9. Background Radiation The amount of radiation we are exposed to daily from the environment Average = 360 millirem/year or 3 millisieverts

11. www.geology.fau.edu/course_info/fall02/ EVR3019/Nuclear_Waste.ppt

12. When people think about nuclear power they think about… 1.Effects of radiation 2.What to do with nuclear waste 3.Nuclear disasters

14. Genetic damages: from mutations that alter genes defects can become apparent in the next generation Somatic damages: to tissue, such as burns, miscarriages & cancers Effects of Radiation www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.pp t

15. Three Mile Island - 1979.008 sieverts over 7 days 1,000 sieverts is radiation sickness 5,000 is death http://maps.google.com/maps?um=1&hl=en&q=three%20mile%20island%20plant %20map&ndsp=20&safe=on&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=il

16. Chernobyl - 1986 300 sieverts per hour 240 acute radiation sickness; 31 died within 3 months 100,000 people evacuated Some claim up to 985,000 deaths due to Chernobyl

17. Chernobyl Fallout

18. Japan 0.4 sieverts per hour 70,000 people evacuated 140,000 told to stay inside

19. Nuclear Energy The energy that exists within the nucleus of an atom. Nuclear Fission = the release of energy from the splitting of atoms! Nuclear Fusion = the combining of two smaller atoms into one larger atom. (happens in the sun) http://videos.howstuffworks.com/discovery/29389-assignment-discovery-nuclear-basics-video.htm

20. Nuclear Fission http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pmy5fivI_4U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aldk-HWESzw

21. Nuclear Power Plant 1.a controlled nuclear fission chain reaction 2.heats water 3.produce high-pressure steam 4.that turns turbines 5.which turns generator and creates electricity. http://www.howstuffworks.com/nuclear-power2.htm http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=Pmy5fivI_4U http://www.youtube.com/watch?v=aldk-HWESzw

22. www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.ppt

23. 437 commercial reactors in 32 countries, producing 17% electricity

24. Nuclear Energy around the World

26. Limerick Power Plant, Montgomery County

27. http://www.ida.liu.se/~her/npp/demo.html

28. Nuclear Reactor Where nuclear fission occurs. Surrounded by thick concrete, steel & lead. Blocks all radiation!

29. Inside the Reactor http://online.wsj.com/article/SB10001424052748704396504576205000098975380. html#project%3DFUELASSEMBLY0317%26articleTabs%3Dinteractive

30. Fuel Rods –35,000 – 70,000 fuel rods –3% Uranium-235 pellets –Fission reaction heats up water

31. Control Rods –absorb extra neutrons –Control the chain reaction

32. What do all of these nuclear power plants have in common?

34. Cooling Tower Water taken from river, lake, ocean Used to condense the hot steam back to water, but some is still released as steam. (no CO 2, just water!) Warm water released back into the river –Not radioactive – never touches the uranium! –Thermal pollution

36. Nuclear waste Power plants produce radioactive wastes –mostly spent fuel rods (3-4 years) –each reactor produces about 20-30 tons yearly Currently stored in pools on site and then above ground casks –some remain dangerous for tens of thousands of years How should we store this waste?

39. Yucca Mountain

40. Options for Waste –Keep onsight –Bury –Shoot into space –Bury in ocean floor –Bury in Antarctica –Change it into harmless or reprocess to make new fuel

41. Low-Level & High Level Radioactive Waste Emit small amounts of ionizing radiation Stored 100-500 years 1940  1970: put in steel drums, dumped in ocean (still UK & Pakistan) 1970+: gov’t run landfills Stored for thousands of years Mostly spent fuel rods (240,000 yrs) Safety debate Options: –Keep onsight –Bury –Shoot into space –Bury in ocean floor –Bury in Antarctica –Change it into harmless

42. Decommissioning Life span of a power plant = 15-40 years –Parts wear out, Fuel is spent –Plant is shut down Highly radioactive for 240,000 years Must store for 10 times the half-life –What can we do with them?

43. = time needed for one-half of the nuclei in a radioisotope to decay and emit their radiation to form a stable isotope Half-timeemitted Uranium 235710 million yrsalpha, gamma Plutonium 23924,000 yrsalpha, gamma Half-Life www.bio.miami.edu/beck/esc101/Chapter14&15.pp t

44. Three Mile Island - 1979.008 sieverts over 7 days Remember 1,000 sieverts is radiation sickness 5,000 is death http://maps.google.com/maps?um=1&hl=en&q=three%20mile%20island%20plant %20map&ndsp=20&safe=on&ie=UTF-8&sa=N&tab=il

45. Chernobyl - 1986 300 sieverts per hour 240 acute radiation sickness; 31 died within 3 months 100,000 people evacuated Some claim up to 985,000 deaths due to Chernobyl

46. Chernobyl Fallout

47. Japan 0.4 sieverts per hour 70,000 people evacuated 140,000 told to stay inside

48. http://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/s earch/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=BE0F B49C-7C70-4C56-95F2-B3904BC9077Fhttp://streaming.discoveryeducation.com/s earch/assetDetail.cfm?guidAssetID=BE0F B49C-7C70-4C56-95F2-B3904BC9077F 10 min video on nuclear energy –Fission, fusion, overview

49. What do you know now? Take the quiz: http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear- radiation-quiz.htm http://science.howstuffworks.com/nuclear- radiation-quiz.htm