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Ch. 7.2: Challenges of Urbanization
2 factors of Urban growth: Immigration Farm foreclosures Reasons: jobs Competition increased; tension ^ housing Row houses, tenements Americanization: Learning English & History Ethnic communities hold onto culture
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Urban Problems Crime Fires Transportation mass transit
Subways, streetcars Water Piped Filtration 1870s Chlorination 1908 Sanitation Sewage 1900 sewer lines Garbage Sanitation departments horses Crime 1st Police- NY 1844 Fires Wood dwellings No water Candles & kerosene heaters Firefighters volunteer 1900 1st fire departments
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Settlement Houses Social Gospel Movement Established by reformers
Salvation through service to the poor Established by reformers Community centers in slums Aided immigrants Education, social services Jane Addams- Hull House 400 by 1910
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