1. 1896 - 1914

2. Dems. & Reps. Urban; middle class: Writers Teachers College Educated Professionals Scholars Social Workers Politicians

3. Progressive were not.... Not united by geography or occupation Not Populists Not a political party (until 1912)

4. Areas of Reform Social Justice – Workers Rights – Social Welfare – Consumer Protection Political Democracy Environmentalism

5. Social Justice

6. Social Gospel Social assistance programs Church to help poor Catholics, Jews, Christians Jane Addams, Hull House

7. Settlement Houses c. 1889

8. Salvation Army ; YMCA

9. State Reforms Hiram Johnson (CA) – Workers’ Comp. Robert La Follette (WI) Income Tax Corporate Tax

10. 16th Amendment Federal Income Tax

11. Public Health Sanitation Systems – Trash Removal – Sewers Food Inspections Physical Education Increased school enrollment Child Labor laws

12. Portland High School (2 nd free public HS in US)

13. Moral Reform Temperance Movement WCTU – Frances Willard – 18th Amendment – Prohibition

14. “Muckrakers” Journalists Exposed corruption Leads to major reforms – Ida Tarbell – Upton Sinclair – Jacob Riis – Frank Norris – John Spargo – Lincoln Steffens – Ida B. Wells

15. Political Democracy

16. Direct Election of Senators 17 th Amendment Women’s Suffrage NWSA, AWSA 19 th Amendment City Governments Commissioners Australian Secret Ballots Direct Primary

17. Presidential Nominations Caucus Caucus---small group of individuals who would choose a candidate Convention Convention---members from the political parties nominate a candidate Direct Primary Direct Primary---allow registered voters to participate in choosing a candidate 1790 to 1828 1828 to 1900 Current System Used

18. Environmentalism

19. Gifford Pinchot John Muir Teddy Roosevelt Newlands Reclamation Act - dams, canals, irrigation projects Establishes 190 million acres for national forests. Creation of U.S. Forest Service Conservation

22. Civil Rights

23. “Social Reality”

24. Segregation Southern states “Redeemer” govts. Separate public facilities Unequal Pay Scales Jim Crow Laws – Literacy Tests – Poll Taxes – Grandfather Clause

25. Plessy v. Ferguson (1896) Supreme Court legalized segregation throughout the nation. Plessy was only 1/8 black, but still forced to sit in a segregated train car “Separate but Equal” as long as public facilities were equal Problem: Black facilities never equal to White facilities

26. Booker T. Washington Former slave Gradualism Vocational Education Economic self-sufficiency Tuskegee Institute “Atlanta Compromise”

27. Tuskegee Institute

28. W.E.B. DuBois Harvard Professor Immediate Equality Niagra Movement (1906) – Black Pride – NAACP Top 10% – Top 10% accepted into college – Put into “power positions” – Power Structure argument

29. Ida B. Wells Lynchings The Red Record

30. Lynchings (1890-1920)