1. Progressive Era Problems and Solutions 1870’s-1920’s

2. Farmers Overproduction: more food being produced, prices fell High Costs: high railroad fees for shipping Debt: borrowed $ at a high interest rate - for machinery & when crops failed Natural Disasters: drought, insects, floods

3. Farmers Grange Movement – Started as social club for farmers – Tried to buy/sell as a group so no need for middle man (Co-op) – No business experience = many co-ops failed Laws – Munn v Illinois – states can regulate business in their state – Interstate Commerce Act – railroads can’t overcharge

4. Living & Working Conditions Poor living conditions – Tenement – small cramped apartments – Settlement Houses- community center Child care Nursing Services English Lessons – Jane Addams – Hull House (a Settlement House)

5. Living & Working Conditions Poor working conditions – Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire Fire killed 146 workers They were locked in – “The Jungle” book by Upton Sinclair about meat packing plants

6. Living & Working Conditions Laws – Dept. of Labor – Congress set up department to monitor labor – Clayton Anti-Trust Act – Part of this act allowed for unions and strikes

7. Political Corruption Corruption at Municipal (city) & State Level Municipal – Political Machines – (ex. Tammany Hall) – Political Bosses – Boss Tweed

8. Political Corruption State – Reforms: Secret Ballot Initiatives – voters could bring a bill to congress and vote on it Referendum – voters could compel legislators to put a bill on the ballot Recall – elected officials could be removed from office through a special vote 17 th Amendment – votes select Senators, not picked by state legislators

9. Political Corruptions Spoils System – government jobs given to political supporters – Pendleton Act Created Civil Service Commission – Civil Service Commission Jobs by exam and merit – Robert La Follette Wisconsin governor that fought for reform

10. Families & Children Children working, lack of education, alcohol blamed by some Temperance Movement – move to reduce/ban alcohol consumption – 18 th Amendment – Prohibition (ban alcohol) Child Labor Act – Law that prohibited sale of goods created by child labor in interstate commerce

11. African Americans Lynching, segregation Ida B. Wells – lead a national anti-lynching crusade W.E.B. Dubois – First African American to earn Ph.D. from Harvard, one of founders of NAACP – National Association for the Advancement of Colored People – Argued that equality should be immediate Booker T. Washington – – thought equality should be gradual, focus should be on job training – Founded Tuskegee Institute – school for African Americans

12. Women Wanted the right to vote (suffrage) Susan B. Anthony – tried to vote under 14 th Amendment, judge refused – Co-leader of National American Woman Suffrage Association Elizabeth Cady Stanton - Co-leader of National American Woman Suffrage Association 19 th Amendment (1920) – no state can deny right to vote on basis of gender

13. Social Gospel Movement Led by Protestant ministers Believed Christians were called upon by God to help society through acts of charity and goodness Salvation Army – emphasized Christian duty to help those less fortunate