1. Ch. 9: Sec. 3: The Federalists in Charge: p. 287-291: George Washington’s Home in Mount Vernon, Virginia

2. Washington Retires Read “A VOICE FROM THE PAST” on p. 287 Read “A VOICE FROM THE PAST” on p. 287 Washington had served 8 years (1789- 1797) as a successful symbol of national unity Washington had served 8 years (1789- 1797) as a successful symbol of national unity But during his 2 nd term, opponents of Jay’s Treaty attacked Washington (such as Thomas Paine) due to lack of support for the French Revolution But during his 2 nd term, opponents of Jay’s Treaty attacked Washington (such as Thomas Paine) due to lack of support for the French Revolution

3. In Washington’s Farewell Address: he warned of 2 main things: In Washington’s Farewell Address: he warned of 2 main things: 1. Political disagreements/differences could weaken the nation. 2. Agreements with foreign nations (foreign policy) might work against US interests. Washington wanted the US to remain neutral & not form permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world. Washington wanted the US to remain neutral & not form permanent alliances with any portion of the foreign world.

4. Growth of Political Parties Even though Washington had warned against political parties, Americans were divided Even though Washington had warned against political parties, Americans were divided During Washington’s 1 st term, Hamilton & Jefferson were in debate During Washington’s 1 st term, Hamilton & Jefferson were in debate Then during his 2 nd term, Madison & Hamilton continued the debate Then during his 2 nd term, Madison & Hamilton continued the debate Both sides disagreed on the interpretation of the Constitution & on economic policy Both sides disagreed on the interpretation of the Constitution & on economic policy

5. Hamilton: Favored the British govt. Hamilton: Favored the British govt. Opposed the French Revolution Opposed the French Revolution Fought for a strong central govt. Fought for a strong central govt. Wanted trade, manufacturing, & cities to grow Wanted trade, manufacturing, & cities to grow Jefferson & Madison: Did not favor British govt. Jefferson & Madison: Did not favor British govt. Supported the French Revolution Supported the French Revolution Feared a strong, central govt. would lead to tyranny Feared a strong, central govt. would lead to tyranny Pictured a rural nation of planters & farmers Pictured a rural nation of planters & farmers

6. These differences led to the nation’s 1 st political parties (groups of people that try to promote its ideas & influence govt; also back candidates for office) These differences led to the nation’s 1 st political parties (groups of people that try to promote its ideas & influence govt; also back candidates for office) Democratic-Republican Party: formed by Jefferson & Madison Democratic-Republican Party: formed by Jefferson & Madison Reflected their strong belief in democracy & the republican system Reflected their strong belief in democracy & the republican system Farmers & workers supported this party Farmers & workers supported this party Federalist Party: formed by Hamilton & his friends Federalist Party: formed by Hamilton & his friends Northern merchants & manufacturers supported this party Northern merchants & manufacturers supported this party

7. John Adams Takes Office In 1796, US held its 1 st elections where political parties competed. In 1796, US held its 1 st elections where political parties competed. Federalists: John Adams Federalists: John Adams Democratic-Republicans: Jefferson Democratic-Republicans: Jefferson Electoral College: Adams: 71 votes & Jefferson: 68 votes Electoral College: Adams: 71 votes & Jefferson: 68 votes US had a Federalist pres. & Dem.-Rep. Vice- Pres. US had a Federalist pres. & Dem.-Rep. Vice- Pres. 1797: John Adams became president 1797: John Adams became president 1800: Adams was 1 st pres. to govern from the new capitol at Washington, D.C. 1800: Adams was 1 st pres. to govern from the new capitol at Washington, D.C.

8. Problems with France 1797: When Washington left office, relations between France & the US were not good 1797: When Washington left office, relations between France & the US were not good Britain & France were still at war Britain & France were still at war French seized over 300 US ships to stop them from trading with British French seized over 300 US ships to stop them from trading with British Pres. Adams sent Charles Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, & John Marshall to Paris for talks Pres. Adams sent Charles Pinckney, Elbridge Gerry, & John Marshall to Paris for talks When they arrived, they requested a meeting with French minister of foreign affairs When they arrived, they requested a meeting with French minister of foreign affairs They waited for weeks & were ignored They waited for weeks & were ignored

9. Then 3 French agents: X, Y, and Z: told them they must give France a $10 million loan & pay a $250,000 bribe to talk to the French minister & Americans refused! Then 3 French agents: X, Y, and Z: told them they must give France a $10 million loan & pay a $250,000 bribe to talk to the French minister & Americans refused! Pinckney said: “No, no, not a sixpence.” Pinckney said: “No, no, not a sixpence.” This was called the XYZ Affair This was called the XYZ Affair Americans were outraged & the press turned Pinckney’s words into a popular slogan: “Millions for defense, not one cent for tribute!” 1798: Congress cancelled all treaties with France, allowed US ships to seize French ships, & put money aside to expand the US navy & army

10. The Alien and Sedition Acts Conflict with France: Made Adams & Federalists popular with public Conflict with France: Made Adams & Federalists popular with public Dem.-Rep: sympathetic to France & called Adams a tyrant Dem.-Rep: sympathetic to France & called Adams a tyrant Adams blamed Dem.-Rep. newspapers for criticism & new immigrants Adams blamed Dem.-Rep. newspapers for criticism & new immigrants (many were Dem.-Rep.) Federalist Congress passed the Alien & Sedition Acts: (1798) Targeted aliens (immigrants who were not yet citizens)

11. 1 act: increased the waiting period to become a US citizen from 5 to 14 years 1 act: increased the waiting period to become a US citizen from 5 to 14 years Other acts: gave pres. Power to arrest disloyal aliens or order them out of the country during wartime Other acts: gave pres. Power to arrest disloyal aliens or order them out of the country during wartime 4 th act: outlawed sedition 4 th act: outlawed sedition (saying or writing anything false or harmful about the govt.) These acts were very strict on freedom of speech & press A Vermont Congressman, Matthew Lyon, was locked up for saying the pres. Should be sent “to a mad house” He was re-elected while in jail!

12. Jefferson & Madison found a theory called states’ rights to help them fight the Alien & Sedition Acts Jefferson & Madison found a theory called states’ rights to help them fight the Alien & Sedition Acts States’ rights: States’ rights: states had rights that the federal govt. could not violate. Jefferson & Madison wrote resolutions passed by Kentucky & Virginia legislatures in 1798 & 1799. Jefferson & Madison wrote resolutions passed by Kentucky & Virginia legislatures in 1798 & 1799. In the Kentucky Resolutions, Jefferson proposed nullification, idea that a state could nullify the federal law within the state. In the Kentucky Resolutions, Jefferson proposed nullification, idea that a state could nullify the federal law within the state. In the Virginia Resolutions, Madison said a state could interpose, or place, itself between the federal government & its citizens. In the Virginia Resolutions, Madison said a state could interpose, or place, itself between the federal government & its citizens. These resolutions declared that the Alien & Sedition Acts violated the Constitution. These resolutions declared that the Alien & Sedition Acts violated the Constitution.

13. No other states supported KY & VA No other states supported KY & VA Within 2 yrs., the Dem.-Rep. won control of Congress & either repealed the Alien & Sedition Acts or let them expire between 1800 & 1802. Within 2 yrs., the Dem.-Rep. won control of Congress & either repealed the Alien & Sedition Acts or let them expire between 1800 & 1802.

14. Peace with France Even though Federalists & Dem.-Rep. were battling at home, the US made peace with France Even though Federalists & Dem.-Rep. were battling at home, the US made peace with France Convention of 1800: An agreement signed by the US & France to stop all naval attacks Convention of 1800: An agreement signed by the US & France to stop all naval attacks This treaty made it possible for US & French ships to sail the ocean in peace This treaty made it possible for US & French ships to sail the ocean in peace Federalists: considered Adams an enemy for this, but Adams was proud of his actions Federalists: considered Adams an enemy for this, but Adams was proud of his actions Election of 1800: Adams loses to Thomas Jefferson Election of 1800: Adams loses to Thomas Jefferson