1. THE FIRST POLITICAL PARTIES AND JOHN ADAMS PRESIDENCY

2. Partner Talk  What did Washington warn against in his Farewell Address?

3. POLITICAL PARTIES  by 1796 Americans were beginning to divide into opposing groups  2 Political Parties: Democratic – Republicans & Federalists  Hamilton and Jefferson (both in Washington’s cabinet, disagreed on economic policy, foreign relations, power of the federal government, & interpreting the Constitution

4. FEDERALISTS  leader = Alexander Hamilton  stood for a strong federal government  national bank, protective tariffs, British alliance  loose interpretation of the Constitution  rule by the wealthy class

5. DEMOCRATIC-REPUBLICANS  Leader = Thomas Jefferson  rule by the people (ordinary people)  strong state governments  strict interpretation of the Constitution  French alliance, state banks, free Trade

6. Partner Talk Despite George Washington warning against the formation of political parties, why AND how did the first political parties emerge? https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=_KnPB37YB7I

7. ELECTION OF 1796  John Adams = President (Federalists)  Thomas Jefferson = Vice President (Republican)

8. XYZ AFFAIR  The French regarded Jay’s Treaty as an American attempt to support Britain in the war so the French seized U.S. cargo ships  Adams wanted to avoid war so he sent delegates to resolve the dispute  Charles de Talleyrand – French foreign minister refused to meet with the Americans & sent 3 agents who demanded a bribe & loan for France

9. XYZ video clip  https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORbiuW EQW6s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORbiuW EQW6s https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=ORbiuW EQW6s

10. UNDECLARED WAR  between 1798 – 1800 U.S. & French naval forces clashed (war wasn’t formally declared) & in 1800 a peace agreement was negotiated

11. ALIEN & SEDITION ACT  Suspicions arose against aliens (people thought they would not be loyal to the U.S.)  Alien Act – allowed president to imprison aliens or send them out of the country  Sedition Act – made it a crime to speak, write, or publish criticisms of the government (UNCONSTITUTIONAL) https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xUH-xtkovxg

12. VIRGINIA & KENTUCKY RESOLUTIONS  affirmed the principle of states’ rights –limiting the federal government to those powers clearly assigned to it by the Constitution

13. NULLIFICATION  Jefferson and Madison secretly wrote the Virginia and Kentucky Resolutions.  The Resolutions said States could nullify, meaning legally overturn, unconstitutional federal laws  The States’ Rights argument was used often during early U.S. history

14. John Adams https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqAt8A0W 204 https://www.youtube.com/watch?v=xqAt8A0W 204 The following slides are not in your notes

15. Virginia & Kentucky Resolutions  Affirmed principal of States Rights  Federal Governments' power is outlined by the constitution only

16. FALL OF THE FEDERALISTS  Election of 1800 was approaching  Criticized for the over-broad laws Federalists wanted Adams to step up war with France  Adams refused to rush  Negotiated treaty with France to stop attacks on American ships

17. FALL OF THE FEDERALISTS  Adams did right for America  It likely cost him the election  Jefferson wins Presidency in 1800  Jefferson pardoned those convicted under the Sedition Act  Congress restored all fines paid with interest.

18. JOHN ADAMS… AVOIDED WAR, BUT COST HIM THE 1800 ELECTION…