1. 18 Civil Liberties

2. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.18 - 2 Politics, Culture and Civil Liberties Liberties at issue for three reasons: 1.Bill of Rights contains competing rights a.Shepard (free speech vs. fair trial; currently at issue in CIA op case) b.New York Times (common defense vs. free speech) c.Kunz anti-Jewish speeches (free speech vs. public order) 2.Policy Entrepreneurs use crises to restrict rights of some minority group a.Sedition Act of 1798 b.1917-1918, Anti-Nazi, Anti-Soviet, Anti-Communist legislation c.Smith Act (1940) d.Japanese internment (not listed in text) e.Supreme Court usually upholds restriction 3.Cultural conflicts a.Original settlement by white European Protestants meant that “Americanism” was equated with their values b.Conflicts about the meaning of some constitutionally protected freedoms are ethnic, cultural, and/or religious in origin 1.Jews offended by creches at Christmas 2.English-speakers often prefer monolingual schools 3.Gay Scout leaders? 4.Pornography split as a cross-cutting cleavage

3. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.18 - 3 Figure 18.1: Annual Immigration, 1840-1996 Source: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1998, 10.

4. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.18 - 4 Figure 18.2: Changing Composition of U.S. Immigration Sources: For 1901-1980: Associated Press, adapted from a Boston Globe graphic by Steven Nelson. Reprinted courtesy of the Boston Globe. For 1981-1996: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1998, 11.

5. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.18 - 5 Figure 18.2: Changing Composition of U.S. Immigration (cont’d) Sources: For 1901-1980: Associated Press, adapted from a Boston Globe graphic by Steven Nelson. Reprinted courtesy of the Boston Globe. For 1981-1996: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1998, 11.

6. Copyright © Houghton Mifflin Company. All rights reserved.18 - 6 Figure 18.2: Changing Composition of U.S. Immigration (cont’d) Sources: For 1901-1980: Associated Press, adapted from a Boston Globe graphic by Steven Nelson. Reprinted courtesy of the Boston Globe. For 1981-1996: Statistical Abstract of the United States, 1998, 11.