1. Junkyung You Ji Won Park Taehoon Oh

2.  W. E. B. DuBois (1868 ~ 1963) - Concept of Pan-Negroism (first enunciated : 1897) Henry Sylvester-Williams(1869 ~ 1911)  Founder of the Pan-African Association (1897) The London Pan-African Conference of 1900 (first use of the word Pan- African)

3. - The African Association (1897) - Henry Sylvester-Willams - Later became the Pan-African Association in 1900 - London Pan-African Conference in 1900 - Practical expiration of the Pan-African Association in 1901 (premature attempt) - Pan-African movements were held throughout the whole world although the Pan-African Association became obsolete - Influenced future Pan-African organizations

4. Pan-Africanism: a tendency to view all Africans and descendants of Africans as belonging to a single “race” and sharing cultural unity (Book) “George Washington was not god Almighty. He was a man like any Negro in this building … I prefer to die at this moment rather than not to work for the freedom of Africa.” -Marcus Garvey (1887 ~ 1940) - William Padmore (1903 ~ 1959)

5. - Europeans drew borders according to their need of profit after colonizing Africa - Sense of Unification among numerous African tribes - Direct contrast with Social Darwinism

6. Social Darwinism Challenged 1887~ Pan- African Ideology Nationalism 20C African intellectuals question racial inferiority 1887~ Racial pride, negritude “Africa belongs to Africans” Edward Blyden, James Johnson Beyond Political ideology Overthrow of colonial system

7.  Nationalism = commitment to building up the nation as a central part of the identity of the citizen and as a powerful force “Identity”  Negritude, Sense of ownership “Powerful force”  African Independence Notion of Africa as a Whole Political boundaries imposed by Europeans regardless of African tribal boundaries

8.  The philosophies of Pan-Africanism brought about… Aborigines' Rights Protection Society in the Gold Coast (Founded 1897) African National Congress in South Africa (Founded 1912) National Congress of West Africa (Founded 19 20)  Decolonialism

9. PAN-AFRICANISM  Pan African Association- didn’t continue for a long time and indirect contribute to independence  Religion, largely Islam  African superiority, direct rebuttal to social darwinism INDIAN NATIONAL CONGRESS  Indian National Congress- continue for a long time and contribute to independence  Religious disputes  Preservation of traditional culture

10.  Philosophy made way for nationalism (led to decolonization)  Different cultures and distinct traditions, attempt for unity

11.  If Europeans had divided borders according to tribal boundaries, would Pan-Africanism have been delayed?  Investigate the symbolism within the Pan-African flag. Relate it to factors of Pan-Africanism  How much of an impact did Pan-Africanism have on political independence of Africa? Account for heated rivalry between European states eventually leading to African independence.  Analyze the contradictory aspect of Pan-African philosophy. Was it just for W.E.B. Du Bois to argue for racial superiority of Africans?