1. Define Line A mark drawn with a pointed, moving tool
An element of art used to define shape, contours, and outlines.: also to suggest mass and volume. It may be a continuous mark made on a surface with a pointed tool or implied by the edges of shapes and forms.

2. Art Test Chapter 5 Click on the link to test your knowledge, drill and practice.
Types of Lines
Implied Lines - a series of points that the viewer's eyes automatically connect.
Outline - a line that shows or creates the outer edges of a shape
Contour Line - defines the edges and surface ridges of an object
Static – inactive
Crosshatching - the technique of using crossed lines for shading
Gesture - an expressive movement
Calligraphy - beautiful handwriting
Dimension - the amount of space an object takes up in one direction.

3. 5 Kinds of Lines Vertical - straight up and down; don't move
Horizontal - parallel to the horizon; don't slant
Diagonal - slant; looks as if they are either rising or falling.
Curved - change direction gradually; spirals or circles
Zig Zag - combination of diagonal lines; form angles

4. 5 Types of Line Variations
Length – Lines can be long or short.
Width – Lines can be thick or thin.
Texture – Lines can be rough or smooth.
Direction – Lines can move in any direction, such as vertical, horizontal, or diagonal.
Degree Of Curve – Lines can curve gradually or not at all, become wavy, or form spirals.

5. Value
the art element that describes the darkness or lightness of an object.
Categories of Values:
Tint – is adding white to a color paint to create lighter values such as light blue or pink.
Shade – is adding black to a paint color to create dark values such as dark blue or dark red.
High-Key – is a picture with all light values.
Low-Key - is a picture with all dark values.
Value Contrast – is the light value placed next to dark values to create contrast or strong differences.
Value Scale – is a scale that shows the gradual change in value from its lightest value, (white) to its darkest value (black).

7. Categories of Space
Positive Space – Similar to a positive shape, It is the actual sculpture or building.
Negative Space – Similar to a negative shape, it is the shape around the sculpture or the building.
Picture Plane – is the flat surface of your drawing paper or canvas.
Composition – is the organization and placement of the elements on you picture plane.
Focal Point – is the object or area you want the view to look at first.

8. Foreground, Middleground, and Background
The foreground, middleground, and background in a composition are generally divided into three planes.
The foreground of a composition is the visual plane that appears closest to the viewer, while the background is the plane in a composition perceived furthest from the viewer. The middleground is the visual plane located between both the foreground and background.

9. Elements of Art
We are now going to spend a little bit of time reviewing the elements of art.
Knowing these terms will help you to understand art elements in the future as you create your art pieces.
Form
Line
Shape
Color
Texture
Space
Value

10. Vocabulary term: Form
Form is three-dimensional and encloses volume. Cubes, spheres, and cylinders are examples of various forms.

11. Vocabulary term: Line
The continuous mark made on some surface by a moving point. It may be two dimensional, like a pencil mark on a paper or it may be three dimensional (wire) or implied (the edge of a shape or form) often it is an outline, a contour or a silhouette.

12. Vocabulary term: Shape
Shape is simply an enclosed space defined by other elements of art. Shapes may take on the appearance of two dimensional or three dimensional objects. 

13. Vocabulary term: Color
Color has three properties:
Hue or the name of the color, e.g. red, yellow.
Intensity or the purity and strength of the color such as brightness or dullness.
Value or the lightness or darkness of the color.

14. Vocabulary term: Texture
Texture refers to the surface quality or "feel" of an object. Roughness, smoothness, or softness. Actual texture can be felt while simulated textures are implied by the way the artist renders areas of the picture as in this pencil drawn “texturecise”.

15. Vocabulary term: Space
Space refers to the distance or area between, around, above or within things. It can be a description for both 2 and 3 dimensional objects. 

16. Vocabulary term: Value
Value describes the lightness or darkness of a color. Value is needed to express volume.

17. Elements of Art Recap
Form
Line
Shape
Color
Texture
Space
Value

18. Congratulations! You just learned what the basic building blocks of art are. Remember, these are referred to as the elements – now on to the next section… the principles of art.

19. Principles of Art Emphasis Balance Harmony Variety Movement Rhythm
Proportion/scale
Unity

20. Art principle: Emphasis
Emphasis in a composition refers to developing points of interest to pull the viewer's eye to important parts of the body of the work. 

21. Art principle: Balance
Balance is a sense of stability in the body of work. Balance can be created by repeating same shapes and by creating a feeling of equal weight.

22. Art principle: Harmony
Harmony is achieved in a body of work by using similar elements throughout the work, harmony gives your composition an “uncomplicated” look.

23. Art principle: Variety
Variety refers to the differences in the work. You can achieve variety by using differences in shapes, textures, colors and values in your work.

24. Art principle: Movement
Movement adds excitement to your work by showing action and directing the viewers eye throughout the picture plane.

25. Art principle: Rhythm
Rhythm is a type of movement in a composition. It is seen in repeating of shapes and colors. Alternating lights and darks also give a sense of rhythm.

26. Art principle: Proportion/scale
Proportion or scale refers to the relationships of the size of objects in a body of work. Proportions give a sense of size seen as a relationship of objects such as smallness or largeness.
Monumental scale

27. Art principle: Unity
Unity is seen in a composition when all the parts equal a whole. Your work should not appear disjointed or confusing.

28. Principles of Art Recap
Emphasis
Balance
Harmony
Variety
Movement
Rhythm
Proportion/scale
Unity

29. If you clearly understand both the elements and the principles of art and apply them to your work, you will see that the composition improves.

30. Color Theory
Quick Reference Sheet
CMYK
SUBTRACTIVE
Created with Ink
When we mix colors using paint or through the painting process, we are using subtractive color method. Subtractive color mixing means that one begins with white and ends with black, As one adds color, the result gets darker and tends to black.
RGB
ADDITIVE
Created with light
If we are working on a computer the colors we see on the screen are created with light using the additive color method. Additive color mixing begins with black and ends with white. As more color is added, the result is lighter and tends to white.

31. Color Meanings
Red - Intense, Fire, Blood, Energy, Danger, Love, Passionate, Strong
Red Violet – Royalty, Power, Nobility, Wealth Ambition
Blue – Sky, Sea Depth, Stability, Trust, Masculine, Tranquil
Green – Nature, Growth, Fertility, Freshness, Healing, Safety, Money
Yellow – Sunshine, Joy, cheerfulness, Intellect, Energy, Attention
Orange – Warm, Stimulating, Enthusiasm, Happiness, Success, Creative, Autumn
Analogous - Colors that are adjacent to each other on the color wheel.
Complementary – Colors opposite each other on the color wheel.
Triadic – Three colors spaced equally apart on the wheel.
Split Complement – A color and the two colors next to its complement on the color wheel.
Grayscale - Intensity of black
Monochromatic – Colors of singe hue