1. The Civil War 1861-1865

2. Uncle Tom’s Cabin 1852 Harriet Beecher Stowe Stowe hoped for a quick, peaceful end to slavery – Instead it divided Northerners and Southerners even more Can you think of another example we have seen that proves sometimes, “the pen is mightier than the sword”?

3. Reviewing Causes Crisis of 1850 (1850) Fugitive Slave Law (1850) Kansas-Nebraska Act (1854) “Bleeding Kansas” (1855) Dred Scott Decision (1857) Harper’s Ferry/John Brown (1857) Uncle Tom’s Cabin published (1852) How did each of these events help cause the Civil War? Which would be classified as 1) political, 2) legal, 3) violent, or 4) social

4. Political precursorsLegal precursorsViolent precursorsSocial precursors Crisis of 1850Fugitive Slave LawBleeding KansasUncle Tom’s Cabin Kansas-Nebraska ActDred Scott DecisionJohn Brown’s raidAbolitionism

5. On a side note… During this period, the Republican Party is created 1854- A group of “free soilers” and activists unite to take a stand against slavery

6. Final cause: Election of 1860

7. Lincoln Wins! He didn’t get a single Southern delegate vote Lincoln’s name didn’t even appear on the ballot in many Southern states South is furious Fear of having a Republican in office

8. Underlying Causes of Secession On December 20, 1860, the South will declare that they secede [break off from] the Union. Why did the South secede?

9. Primary Source Skim to find the ONE underlying cause Find 2 quotes that prove the underlying cause of secession.

10. Secession!: Fort Sumter, SC Dec. 20, 1860

12. February 4, 1861 Seven states seceded by this date: South Carolina Mississippi Florida Alabama Georgia Louisiana Texas The Confederate States of America President: Jefferson Davis

13. Two months later Virginia Arkansas North Carolina Tennessee But 4 slave states remained in the Union: Delaware, Kentucky, Maryland, and Missouri.

14. "A house divided against itself cannot stand.” -Abraham Lincoln, June 16, 1858

15. April 12, 1861 Southern forces open fire on Fort Sumter “There is no more thought of bribing or coaxing the traitors who have dared to aim their cannon balls at the flag of the Union.” Civil War had begun

16. The Sides The Union – The North – Primarily free states – but 4 border (slave) states too The Confederacy – The South – All slave states

17. The Deadliest War in U.S. History 700,000 died

18. Why? Guns more effective Bullets more lethal Shrapnel, booby traps & land mines Outdated military strategies Disease & lack of sanitation

19. Advantages of the North & South

20. Men present for duty in the Civil War

21. Advantages of the North 71% of the U.S. population Factories Railroads

22. Advantages of the South Military Strategy (defense) Leadership

23. Military Strategy of South War of Attrition

24. Military Strategy of the North Anaconda Plan Capture Richmond, Confederate capitol

25. The Progress of the War

26. Emancipation Proclamation January 1, 1863

27. Effects of the Emancipation Proclamation Declared slaves in the Confederacy free Did not cover slaves in the border states Did free 20,000 slaves Did lay the groundwork for eventual freeing of slaves

28. Why did it happen? Personal beliefs of Lincoln’s To undermine the Confederacy from within To have former slaves on side of Union To prevent Europe from intervening

29. Crash Course Clip

31. Battles Read about the key Civil War Battles Fill out your sheet Once you’ve entered all the information, please create a timeline

32. African-American Soldiers About 200,000 served in the North’s military 3/5 of all black troops were former slaves

33. The 54 th Regiment

34. African-Americans in Civil War Battles

35. African-Americans Freeing Slaves

36. Gettysburg

37. Turning point Nearly 25,000 Confederate soldiers were killed, wounded or missing After Gettysburg, Lee was never able to mount another major offensive

38. Note the main points of the Gettysburg Address

39. Gettysburg Address Four score and seven years ago our fathers brought forth on this continent a new nation, conceived in Liberty, and dedicated to the proposition that all men are created equal. Now we are engaged in a great civil war, testing whether that nation, or any nation, so conceived and so dedicated, can long endure. We are met on a great battle-field of that war. We have come to dedicate a portion of that field, as a final resting place for those who here gave their lives that that nation might live. It is altogether fitting and proper that we should do this.

40. But, in a larger sense, we can not dedicate...we can not consecrate...we can not hallow this ground. The brave men, living and dead, who struggled here, have consecrated it, far above our poor power to add or detract. The world will little note, nor long remember what we say here, but it can never forget what they did here. It is for us the living, rather, to be dedicated here to the unfinished work which they who fought here have thus far so nobly advanced. It is rather for us to be here dedicated to the great task remaining before us—that from these honored dead we take increased devotion to that cause for which they gave the last full measure of devotion— that we here highly resolve that these dead shall not have died in vain—that this nation, under God, shall have a new birth of freedom—and that government: of the people, by the people, for the people, shall not perish from the earth.

41. The Progress of the War

42. Surrender at Appomattox – The next day, in a final message to his troops, Robert E. Lee acknowledged that he was "compelled to yield to overwhelming numbers and resources.“ – Surrender = April 9, 1865

43. Lincoln’s Assassination April 14, 1865

44. The Assassin John Wilkes Booth Part of a larger conspiracy intended to rally the remaining Confederate troops to continue fighting

45. The Assassination

47. Results of the War The Civil War proved to be the costliest war ever fought on American soil 700,000 of 2.4 million soldiers killed – Millions more injured – Deadlier than Revolutionary War, WWI, WWII and Vietnam - combined

48. Results of the War South lost ¼ of its white male population of military age South lost ½ its farm machinery, and $2.5 billion in slave labor Factories and railroads had been destroyed and Southern cities largely burned to the ground

49. Test Multiple Choice – About 10 Qs – 1 point each 2 Chart “Essays” – Fill in bullet points on chart – Each worth 10 points

50. Battle of Antietam What happened?

51. Battle of Antietam Lee tried to win in the North to get European support North won, but failed to follow that up “Bloodiest Single Day of the War” – 23,000 casualties