1. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 1 New Physics Visions of New Physics on Rare B Decays and CP Violation May 17, 2007, Rare LHCb @ Imperial College A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  — Starting from A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ 

2. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 2 A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  I A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  — Probe Complexity w/o CPV Complex C 7, C 9, C 10 vs MFV What else? Outline 4th generation as existence proof  S and  S II Why 4th Generation Revisit? A CP (K    ) ≠ A CP (K    ) Z Penguin and Boxes Accounting for  A and  S Accounting for  A and  S (in NLO PQCD) Large CPV in B s Mixing III B s Mixing vs B  X s ℓ  ℓ  — Large CPV in B s Mixing Large CPV Phase or Nil [  B s related effects DCPV in B +  J/  K + ? IV DCPV in B +  J/  K + ? K/D AsideEnhanced K L    and D  Mixing [V K/D Aside — Enhanced K L    and D  Mixing VI Conclusion

3. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 3 A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  I. A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  Probe Complexity w/o CPV

4. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 4 M. Iwasaki @ CKM06 + Box

5. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 5 M. Iwasaki @ CKM06

6. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 6 A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  made easy B - K *   – Z interference with M Z brought low ! e  e   hadrons

7. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 7 M. Iwasaki @ CKM06 C 7, C 9, C 10 taken REAL Why should they be ?

8. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 8 hep-ph/0612156 Theory “Guidance” Why Real?

9. KEKCT ‘07 Adrian Bevan  First A FB measurements from the B-factories are compatible with SM.  C i could be complex BSM: should test this in the future.  Also measured F L to be  compatible with SM B  K ( * ) ll ~57 events ~114 events PRL96 (2006) 251801 PRD73 (2006) 092001 A. Hovhannisvan et al. hep-ph/0701046 BaBar: 229  10 6 B pairs Belle: 386  10 6 B pairs Limit on first q 2 at 95% CL. y Hovhannisyan, WSH and Mahajan

10. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 10 Quantum Quark level Quantum amplitude: Real by convention No Reason a priori why C 7, C 9, C 10 should be Real To be Probed BY EXPERIMENT 4-Fermi Inter -action

11. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 11 Form factors induce some level of theoretical uncertainty Use form factors calculated within LCSR – Ball & Zwicky Forward-backward asymmetry Form Factor Products Richer Interference

12. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 12 Such an introduction of complexity is beyond MFV and may look very outrageous at first glance, though not impossible, e.g. in generic Z ’ models or more than 3 generations Parameterization at weak scale N.B. Wilson coeffs. becoming complex is already present in SM (not via New Phys corrections)

13. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 13 SM like : & Constrained to 1  experimental range for exclusive radiative and semi-leptonic rates a: SM b: 4 Gen. shaded: rough boundaries (for illustration only ) data: LHCb MC (2 fb  ) Due to assumed equality

14. Jeremy Dickens B d  K *  : FBA sensitivity  Generator zero-crossing point:s 0 = 4.10 GeV 2  From 1000 experiments of 2 fb -1 :  No backgrounds 0 = 4.17 ± 0.38 GeV 2  With background s 0 = 4.11 ± 0.52 GeV 2  With 10 fb -1 (with background)s 0 = 4.17 ± 0.28 GeV 2 Fitted zero-point (GeV 2 ) With 10 fb -1 Example 2 fb -1 experiment M  2 (GeV 2 ) @ CKM06

15. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 15 b  s  DCPV can be tested at SuperB a: SM b: 4 gen. d: ruled out e: disfavoured c: ~ SM, even the zero, different for large q 2 General: Both Zero & Shape Sensitive to NP data: LHCb MC (2 fb  ) Early LHCb Data Can Tell

16. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 16 What else? LH-SM, RH/complex bs  LH-SM, RH-General...

17. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 17 LH-SM, RH/complex bs  Non-distinct ~ Lunghi-Matias, hep-ph/0612166, but do not agree with LR SUSY approach Motivated by TCPV in B  K *     Super B Factory A T i Will LHCb have resolution in A T i ? same thing

18. Jeremy Dickens A T (2) B d  K *  : Transversity angles  Toy MC created to describe  l,  K* and  distributions  SM predictions used as input values  Inputs are averaged (weighted by cross-section in each bin)  Background distributions added (without non-resonant component)  Analysis performed in 4 bins of s (0 < s < 9 GeV 2 ) M  2 range Resolutions A T (2) FLFL 0.05  0.49 0.1800.037 0.49  1.96 0.4000.033 1.96  6.25 0.4700.018 6.25  9.0 0.310.020 FLFL A possible 2fb -1 measurement

19. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 19 LH-SM, RH-General... Wild Behavior. Anything possible! (Too much “Freedom”)

20. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 20 In general 10 operators 20 parameters ⇨ 20 parameters Impractical for early fit; When Very Large Dataset, Why Not ?

21. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 21 Why Real WC’s ?

22. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 22 SM Pattern — Suppressed FCNC at L.E. ! t

23. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 23 4th Gen. is non-MFV, SM-like

24. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 24 4th Generation the epitome Sheldon

25. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 25 S f in b  sqq A K +   -  A K +   0 Puzzle Two Hints TCPV DCPV Mixing-dep. Direct b  s CPV Phenomena Is Current NP Frontier Will address these soon

26. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 26 Do not consider scalar int. Study 4th Generation from Now on D  Mixing

27. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 27 4th Generation !?

28. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 28 Ben Grinstein @ CKM06

29. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 29 Ben Grinstein @ CKM06 Close to what we’ll see !

30. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 30 - N counting? 4th “neutrino” heavy Massive neutrinos call for new Physics 4th Generation Still?

31. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 31 - N counting? 4th “neutrino” heavy Massive neutrinos call for new Physics EW Precision - Disfavored by EW Precision ( see e.g. J. Erler hep-ph/0604035; PDG06 But that’s “old”... ; Overconstrain ourselves, or look forward to LHC ? 4th Generation Still?

32. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 32 http://www-cdf.fnal.gov/physics/new/top/2005/ljets/tprime/gen6/public.html CDF Continues to Search ! Softening of Bound

33. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 33 In era of LHC, can Directly Search for b’, t ’ Once and For All ! CMS/ATLAS Duty. A set goal at NTUHEP

34. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 34 II Why 4th Generation Revisit? A CP (K    ) ≠ A CP (K    ) Personally !

35. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 35 3.8  2005

36. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 36 Sakai

37. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 37... It was the handiwork of “yours truly”...

38. DPF/JPS 2006/11/01 Acp (B  hh) Black 449 MBB Blue 535 MBB Green 535 MBB Time-dep. analysis Significant DCPV in K + π - and π + π - Acp(K + π - ) - Acp(K + π 0 )  4.4σ Preliminary AA Shen-Wen Lin

39. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 39 Smaller than b  ccs in all 9 modes Smaller than b  ccs in all 9 modes Naïve average of all b  s modes sin2  eff = 0.52 ± 0.05 2.6  2.6  deviation btwn b  sqq and b  ccs Naïve average of all b  s modes sin2  eff = 0.52 ± 0.05 2.6  2.6  deviation btwn b  sqq and b  ccs 2006:  1 with b  s Penguins Theory Expect sin 2  1 > sin 2  1 s-penguin cc(bar)s New Physics !? Need More Data !  S  S = S sqq  S scc < 0 Problem Also

40. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 40 Why  A = A K  +     A K  +    > 0 a Puzzle ? ?  A ~ 0 expected  9.3  1.5 %  4.7  2.6 %

41. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 41 Large C ? Suppress Tree CPV Phase Why  A = A K  +     A K  +    > 0 a Puzzle ? ?  A ~ 0 expected  9.3  1.5 %  4.7  2.6 %

42. K  decays: direct CPV asymmetries Direct CPV asymmetries in K -  + and K -  0 channels differ by 4.4  Various interpretations (unlikely to be a “puzzle”) :  factorization in SCET  Large color suppressed tree contribution  pQCD NLO (see Mike Gronau, Iain Stewart, Hsiang-nan Li) Outlook /Golutvin/FPCP07

43. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 43 DCPVth /Gronau/FPCP07 Really?

44. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 44 Baek-London, hep-ph/0701181v2 Neubert@FPCP07: Just a fit, cannot sustain from computation. This is the start of our Vision Thing.

45. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 45 Large C ? Large EWPenguin ? Suppress Tree CPV Phase Why  A = A K  +     A K  +    > 0 a Puzzle ? ?  A ~ 0 expected  9.3  1.5 %  4.7  2.6 %

46. HF & BPh -4 George W.S. Hou (NTU) ISSMB06, 9/28/06 46 _d_d d  KK u u BB sb Large C ? Large EWPenguin ? Suppress Tree CPV Phase Need NP CPV Phase ∵ T and P EW ≈ same strong phase t, t ’ 4th Gen. in EWP Natural Why  A = A K  +     A K  +    > 0 a Puzzle ? ?  A ~ 0 expected  9.3  1.5 %  4.7  2.6 % Why ?

47. HF & BPh -4 George W.S. Hou (NTU) ISSMB06, 9/28/06 47 My first B paper nondecoupling

48. HF & BPh -4 George W.S. Hou (NTU) ISSMB06, 9/28/06 48 GIM, charm,   K small   ’ K, K   (still waiting) heavy top, sin2    Z dominance for heavy top 1986  2002 K B On Boxes and Z Penguins

49. HF & BPh -4 George W.S. Hou (NTU) ISSMB06, 9/28/06 49 On Boxes and Z Penguins nondecoupling GIM, charm,  K small   ’ K, K   (still waiting) heavy top, sin2    Z dominance for heavy top 1986  2002 All w/ 3-gen., Just wait if there’s 4th D ! b’, t ’ @ LHC BsBsBsBs t, t ’

50. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 50 Accounting for  A K ,  S

51. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 51 SM 3 Effective b  s Hamiltonian and t’ Effect

52. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 52 t ➯ t, t ’ t t GIM Respecting

53. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 53 Box/EWP Sensitivity to 4th Gen. nondecoupling QCD penguin EW penguin (No New Operators)  g less sensitive

54. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 54 WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05 A CP ( K    ) ~  12, A CP ( K    ) ~ +0.04 ? ☞ A CP ( K    ) almost independent of t ’ ☞ A CP ( K   )  A CP ( K  ) > 0.1 demands  sb ~  /2 Large m t ’ and r sb Large Effect  LO PQCD

55. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 55 _d_d d  KK u u BB sb t, t ’ LO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.  A  12% vs 14% (data) NLO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.  A  15%  S   0.11 SM3 input vs  0.34  0.2x (data) WSH, Li, Mishima, Nagashima, PRL’07  A = A K  +     A K  +    ~ 14% Joining C & P EW Both and in Right Direction ! AA SS

56. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 56 Opposite Sign

57. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 57 Prediction: Large CPV in B s Mixing III. Prediction: Large CPV in B s Mixing WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385

58. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 58 and Prospects Just Around Corner! (SM3-like) ~  to   ! Defintely BSM if measured ! Phase WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05

59. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 59 Fixed r sb ➯ Narrow  sb Range destructive destructive with top For r sb ~ 0.02 – 0.03, [ V cb ~ 0.04  sb Range ~ 60 ° - 70 ° CPV Finite CPV Phase Consistent w/ B (b  s ll ) SM-like ! Large CPV Possible ! Despite  m B s, B (b  s ll ) SM-like CDF  range SM (high) HFAG  range r sb WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385

60. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 60 sin 2  B s ~  0.4 -  0.7 Despite  m B s, B (b  s ll ) SM-like CDF  range SM (high) r sb Fixed r sb ➯ Narrow  sb Range destructive destructive with top For r sb ~ 0.02 – 0.03, [ V cb ~ 0.04  sb Range ~ 60 ° - 70 ° CPV Finite CPV Phase B s Mixing Measured @ Tevatron in 4/2006 Can Large CPV in B s Mixing Be Measured @ Tevatron ? Sure thing by LHCb ca. 2008 ? Large CPV in B s Mixing WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385

61. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 61 Sign Predicted ! sin 2  B s ~  0.4 -  0.7 Despite  m B s, B (b  s ll ) SM-like CDF  range SM (high) r sb Can Large CPV in B s Mixing Be Measured @ Tevatron ? Sure thing by LHCb ca. 2008 ?  A K ,  S WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRL’05 Large CPV in B s Mixing WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385

62. CKM workshop, Nagoya 2006F. Bedeschi, INFN-Pisa Sin 2  s expectations J/  triggers 986 events in 1 fb -1 SVT triggers 672 events in 1 fb -1  Use CP asymmetry in B s !    CP-even Reduced asymmetry S  = 60% sin 2  s  Tevatron could reach  (sin2  s ) < 0.2/exp.  ~ early LHC-B back Also, K. Pitts private comm.

63. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 63  B s related effects: another avenue hep-ex/0702030 J. Piedra WSH & Mahajan hep-ph/0702163

64. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 64 DCPV in B +  J/  K + ? IV. DCPV in B +  J/  K + ? WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0605080 Demanded by Kevin Pitts

65. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 65 Interference Intriguing “Prediction”: A J/  K +  0 ? _c_c c J/  KK u u BB sb t, t ’ B  J/  K + dominated by color suppressed b  ccs (a 2 ) - Inclusion of SM3 Penguin does not alter Weak Phase ~ 0 [hard to predict Strong Phase The amplitude above likely has Strong Phase  - ALL “color-suppressed” processes turned out Enhanced ~ some effective strong phase Examples: * B    D     and  D    ➯  ° in D  system * B        and     ➯  ° in  system (Belle vs BaBar) - B  J/  K + Rate is enhanced: “hadronic” Analogous to enhancement seen in B  J/  K* ➯ Strong Phase Diff. in Helicity Amplitudes:  ° Weak Phasee i  sb Enter t ’ : Weak Phase e i  sb Factorized amplitude : J/  spits off from virtual Z ➯  ° Likely Retained Expt Making of DCPV !

66. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 66 Another hint: Low S J/  K ? 0.685 ± 0.032 0.685 ± 0.032 HFAG 0.790 ± 0.031 UTfit vs. indirect Belle/BaBar A J/  K +  0 ? PDG ’06  ° small  effect small similar dip as  S  Cannot tell in b  d

67. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 67 PDG ’06 A J/  K + is getting serious Systematics Control! — Needed towards SuperB !! Better than  A and  S ? Could be seen by 2008 ?! Prognosis for A J/  K + Measurement Sign flip ICHEP06: A J/  K 0 0.018  0.021  0.014 Belle  0.07  0.028  0.018 BaBar 124M 32M 10M 89M BaBar/Belle Should Update ! K. Pitts CDF could reach 0.3% Dzero could be better B. Casey

68. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 68 Enhanced K L    and D  Mixing IV. Prediction: Enhanced K L    and D  Mixing

69. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 69 “Typical” CKM Matrix b  s Digression 4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K Constraints x ~ 0.22 b  d Satisfy b  d: ✓ Cannot tell triangle from quadrangle WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05 s  bs  b Z  bb _ d  sd  s

70. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 70 enhanced to or even higher !! In general larger than !! Prediction for Rate could be enhanced up to almost two orders !! Grossman-Nir Current E391A U.L. Very hard to measure SM 3 ∵ Large CPV Phase WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, PRD’05

71. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 71 (Too) Large/Imaginary “Typical” CKM Matrix 4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K/D Connections Data Driven Close to what we’ll see ! Ben Grinstein @ CKM06

72. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 72 (Too) Large/Imaginary “Typical” CKM Matrix 4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Z/K/D Connections  e  i   e  i  SM LD NP SD Data Driven

73. RareB/CPV-BSM George W.S. Hou (NTU) KEKTC6 2/8/07 73 PDG06 m b ’ = 230 GeV 270 310 From 4 x 4 Unitarity x =  m/  ~ 1 - 3 plausible w/ Sizable (but not huge) CPV in Mixing ~  15% Short-distance Only N.B. SM LD could generate y ~ 1, x ≈ y [ Falk, Grossman, Ligeti, (Nir,) Petrov] WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385

74. RareB/CPV-BSM George W.S. Hou (NTU) KEKTC6 2/8/07 74 Data (PDG06) Hint for D mixing No evidence for CPV Need more data ! Promising ! Real interest is x (probe New Physics)

75. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 75 D. Asner

76. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 76 D. Asner

77. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 77 PDG06 m b ’ = 230 GeV 270 310 From 4 x 4 Unitarity x =  m/  ~ 1 - 3 plausible w/ Sizable (but not huge) CPV in Mixing ~  15% Short-distance Only N.B. SM LD could generate y ~ 1, x ≈ y [ Falk, Grossman, Ligeti, (Nir,) Petrov] WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385

78. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 78 PDG06 m b ’ = 230 GeV 270 310 x SD =  m/  ~ 1 - 3 plausible Sizable (but not huge) CPV in Mixing ~  15% to  20% Short-distance Only N.B. SM LD could generate y ~ 1, x ≈ y [ Falk, Grossman, Ligeti, (Nir,) Petrov] WSH, Nagashima, Soddu, hep-ph/0610385 Nir: x LD opposite sign to y (assumptions) but x, y expt same sign x =  m/  ~ 1 - 3 plausible w/ Sizable (but not huge) CPV in Mixing ~  15% When can be tested ?

79. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 79 V. Conclusion

80. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 80 On Boxes and Z Penguins GIM, charm,  K small   ’ K, K   (still waiting) heavy top, sin2    Z dominance for heavy top 1986  2002 nondecoupling All w/ 3-gen., Just wait if there’s 4th D ! b’, t ’ @ LHC BsBsBsBs

81. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 81 A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  I A FB in B  K * ℓ  ℓ  — Probe Complexity w/o CPV Complex C 7, C 9, C 10 vs MFV What else? Outline 4th generation as existence proof  S and  S II Why 4th Generation Revisit? A CP (K    ) ≠ A CP (K    ) Z Penguin and Boxes Accounting for  A and  S Accounting for  A and  S (in NLO PQCD) Large CPV in B s Mixing III B s Mixing vs B  X s ℓ  ℓ  — Large CPV in B s Mixing Large CPV Phase or Nil [  B s related effects DCPV in B +  J/  K + ? IV DCPV in B +  J/  K + ? K/D AsideEnhanced K L    and D  Mixing [V K/D Aside — Enhanced K L    and D  Mixing VI Conclusion New Physics b  s Good ! Prospects for New Physics Effect in b  s Good ! RH ?

82. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 82

83. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 83

84. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 84 Neubert

85. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 85 Consistency and b  s  Predictions BR OK A CP ~ 0 far away beyond SuperB PDG ’06 SM3 Heavy t ’ effect decoupled for b  s 

86. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 86 A K     +   A K       14%  0.02  0.04  0.02  0.13 HFAG K 0  Predictions Not in good agreement — Await further test R c ≲ R n ≈ 1.08 R ≈ 0.94 (  0.11  0.18  0.08) Belle ICHEP06: ~ 0 ~  0.12 ✓ ✓

87. DPF/JPS 2006/11/01 New Electroweak Penguins in the Ratios R n and R c SM Old WA Data New Belle Data w/414 fb -1 q: measures the importance of the EW penguins with respect to the tree-diagram-like topologies  : CP-violating weak phase Buras, Fleischer et al, APO B36(2005)2015-2050 NLO PQCD ⊕ 4th Gen.

88. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 88 4 x 4 Unitarity ➯ Constraints We need to deal with mixing matrix in detail to keep Unitarity From b → s study SM3 Kaon b  s b  d impose Cross Check !

89. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 89 Constrain s  d from K Physics (J. Bijnens et al.) (E. Pallante et al.) Therefore…. well-satisfy ! “Standard” No SM3 solution (shaded )

90. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 90 well-satisfy Hard to tell apart (non-trivial) with present precision ∵ stringent s  d vs V ub ~ 0.01 e -i  Disfavored

91. Vision Rare b ↔ s/CPV George W.S. Hou (NTU) LHCb/IC 17/05/07 91 A J/  K +  0 ? Mechanism Generic e.g. Z’ model of Barger, Chiang, Langacker, Lee, PLB’04 Less constrained ! A J/  K + ~ few % possible