1. Coherence and Transitions Creating Unity Copyright lisa McNeilley, 2010

2. Coherence The quality of unity in a text. All elements relate to thesis in clearly stated ways. All points flow together in a logical, organized manner.

3. Steps to Creating Coherence Precise, fully developed thesis Logical outline Clear explanation of all relationships Use of elements of coherence

4. Elements of Coherence Repetition Transitions Signposts Transition statements Connecting words Conclusion

5. Repetition Repeat key words or phrases. Connect with a meaningful metaphor. Use similar structures. Avoid overuse.

6. Transitions Create a bridge from one idea to the next. Often used between paragraphs. Can be used within paragraphs. Paper may include transition paragraph.

7. Types of Transitions Signposts Transition Statements Connecting words

8. Signposts Work within lists of items. Include sequentially numbered points. Place at beginning of section. Include umbrella statements.

9. Umbrella Statements Summarize what you will be doing Often include numbers Provide overview of section Examples You can organize your schedule in three steps. Technology has entered every part of life, including home life, work, and social life.

10. Umbrella Statement with Signpost, example The three steps in time management are listing things to be done, prioritizing needs, and creating a schedule. The first step, listing things to be done, is important because… The second step is to prioritize based on needs… The third step is to create a schedule which incorporates…

11. Transition Statements Clearly explain the relationship between one idea and the next. Can be written by taking key idea in each paragraph and writing a sentence that explains why they go together.

12. Transition Statement, example Paragraph 1: health consequences of smoking Paragraph 2: effects of second hand smoke on children Transition: The health consequences of smoking are a good reason to quit; however, the most important reason is the number of effects of smoking on children.

13. Connecting Words Briefly sum up relationship. Must match relationship. Develop vocabulary.

14. Conclusion Paragraphs Provide closure and interest for reader. Tie together points. Reinforce purpose. Do not introduce new information.

15. Conclusion Paragraphs, types Summary Solution Quotation Future predictions Surprise ending Reference to introduction/thesis Alternative courses of action Ideas for future research Logical outcome

16. Coherence Important to credibility. Leaves reader with sense of clear focus. Makes ideas seem logically linked.