1. (and its Importance to the English Language) Mr. Cochran
The King James Bible
(and its Importance to the English Language)
Mr. Cochran

2. King James Version Old Testament Psalm 23 Psalm 137 New Testament
Sermon on the Mount
Prodigal Son

3. In the beginning... Latin 405 AD Printing Press 1450
-Used by priests ONLY (public couldn’t read Latin or at all)
-Books expensive
Printing Press 1450
-Books now available to public
-Early translators to English…off with their heads

4. 1 in principio erat Verbum et Verbum erat apud Deum et Deus erat Verbum
2 hoc erat in principio apud Deum
3 omnia per ipsum facta sunt et sine ipso factum est nihil quod factum est
4 in ipso vita erat et vita erat lux hominum
5 et lux in tenebris lucet et tenebrae eam non conprehenderunt

5. In the beginning... William Tyndale Martin Luther
-Spent YEARS translating an English Bible for the public
-Convicted of heresy, executed; so were other translators*
Martin Luther
-95 Theses against dogma of Catholic Church, especially “selling indulgences”
-Said people are saved by faith, and Bible, not Church, is authority

6. (excommunicated January 3, 1521 for writing his argument against Catholicism)

7. Protestant Reformation
Diet of Worms
-Meeting (Diet) to give him a chance to recant in town of Worms, Germany
-”Here I stand; I can do no other.”
-Captured, house arrest for the remainder of his life
His words lived on…and the Church split. People began wanting a Bible for themselves, tired of forced ignorance. The Protestant Reformation began in 1517.

8. So there was this king… King James I’s Translation
-47 scholars, six teams translating from Hebrew and Greek
-Remember Tyndale? They kept a lot of his work.
So how does this relate to English?
Wasn’t it just a simple work like any other?

9. IT CHANGED EVERYTHING ABOUT ENGLISH
-Translated literally from Hebrew and Greek
-People modified their speech
-Normal English evolution altered
-word order
-imagery
-new loanwords
-idioms
-Older, out of style (archaic) language, for effect
-Preserved old language, which otherwise would have evolved away as it always had
“Appointed to be read in churches”
-PEOPLE STARTED EDUCATING THEMSELVES - Education = power

11. Psalm 23 -Psalm: a holy song with a moral message.
What is the central METAPHOR? (describes something as something else)
What details strengthen it?
What do you think appealed to the audience who first heard this Psalm? What appeals to people in the modern day?
Vocabulary: righteousness, anoint, metaphor, imagery

12. Psalm 137 -Psalm: a holy song with a moral message.
What is the metaphor here? How does God differ from the Shepherd in the previous Psalm?
What will the speaker sacrifice? Why is this a big deal?
What does David think about his homeland?
Vocabulary:, transgress, entreat

13. Quiz
1. Name one way the King James Version of the Bible altered the English language.
2. What happened to early translators who translated the Latin Bible into English?
3. What machine made it possible to mass-produce books?
4. Why did people want the Bible in their language (English) instead of Latin?
5. What is a Psalm?
6. What is a metaphor?
Bonus: Name a biblical idiom from the video.

14. New Testament -Foundations of Christianity
-Life of Jesus, teachings, etc.
-Who was Jesus?
-Gospels

15. Sermon on the Mount -Words of Jesus -Gospel of Matthew
-Sermon: a speech guiding morals.
-Words of Jesus
-Gospel of Matthew
-Condemns materialism
-Straightforward, very little metaphors
-Imagery

16. What is "taking thought". Birds and lilies don't worry
What is "taking thought"? Birds and lilies don't worry. He tells the people to do the same.
Why is he asking these questions? (TO MAKE THEM THINK, maybe things of which they've never thought.)

17. Parable of the Prodigal Son
-Parable: a story with a moral message.
-VERY effective teaching tool. More so for whom? What kind of world was it? Translated well to Europe's culture, just like Psalms.

18. -Metaphor
-Old man represents whom?
-Prodigal?
-Other son?

19. 1 What is this story about?
A Money?
B Wild living?
C Stubbornness?
D Forgiveness?
2 Who wants his share of the family inheritance?
3 What does the son do with his money?
4 Did his dad kick him out of the house for asking for his inheritance? What did he do?
5 Where did he go when he didn’t have any money?
6 What did he end up doing to earn food and shelter?
7 When he returns, how does his father greet him?
8 How does the elder brother react?
9 What does the father tell the elder brother?
10 Who does the father represent?

20. Mechanics and Grammar: Sentence Fragments
A sentence fragment pretends to be a sentence.
A sentence expresses a complete thought. The action must be finished.

21. No verb? No subject?
Clause? (begins with ‘because’ or ‘when’ and does not finish thought)
THESE ARE FRAGMENTS

22. Examples When I tripped and broke my ankle,
NOT a complete sentence. This is a fragment. How do we fix it?

23. Examples Because malaria can be transmitted by mosquitos…
The panther lay motionless behind the rock. Waiting silently for its prey.

24. Practice
The panther lay motionless behind the rock. Waiting silently for its prey.
Aunt Mina loved to play all my favorite games. Cat’s cradle, Uno, mancala, and four square.
With machetes, the explorers cut their way through the tall grass to the edge of the canyon. Then they began to lay out the tapes for the survey.
Mykonos, a Greek Island. A vacation spot for Europeans.
While my Spanish isn’t very good. I can read the language.

25. Macbeth

26. Great Chain of Being -Divine Order of Life for Elizabethans -NATURAL
-Rebellion against it throws off natural order.
As you read Macbeth, be alert to how the Chain of Being functions in the play, what the characters observe, and how they respond.

27. Divine Right of Kings -King = God’s representative
-Assassination = sin against God
What would such an act do to the natural Order?

28. Free Will vs. Fate
-Free Will = man controls his own destiny (humanism)
-Fate = destiny is NOT in our control
WATCH for how the play is a METAPHOR for Free Will and FATE.

29. ACT 1 Characters Duncan = very good King
Malcolm and Donalbain
Macbeth = general in Duncan’s army
Lady Macbeth = his wife
Banquo = his friend, general
Ross and Angus = thanes
Witches

30. ACT 1 Background
War in Scotland
Macdonwald (Thane of Cawdor) vs. Duncan
Witches

31. Scene 1 The 3 witches, thunderstorm, evil plans.
Want TO CREATE DISORDER. So they single out Macbeth.

32. 2 A wounded sergeant tells King Duncan about battle.
Macbeth’s deeds. M = brave and loyal, “disdaining fortune,” kills the rebel.
M restores order to kingdom.

33. King: “Make him the NEW Thane of Cawdor. Dude’s awesome.”

34. 1.3 3 witches bragging about murder M and Banquo returning
Witches prophesy:
M = Thane of Glamis, Cawdor, and KING
Banquo = father of Kings

35. NEWS! You are now Thane of Cawdor.
IMMEDIATELY imagines killing King to take his place. Line 130
143 changes mind

36. 1.4
Back home.
King: “Party at Macbeth’s.”
M: “Long live the King.”

37. 1.5 (back at m’s castle)
M’s place, Lady M reading his letter (witches said he’ll be King)
“Macbeth’s too kind to kill the King. (I’ll fix that.)”
40 “unsex” = destroy natural order, make me violent

38. 1.6 King: “Nice place. Where’s Macbeth? Dude drives too fast.”
Lady M = suspiciously nice. (Look like a flower, be the snake under it.)

39. 1.7 Soliloquy, M struggles with thought of killing King
Lady M tries to convince him
Insults his masculinity
Becomes masculine herself
Macbeth: “Okay, I’ll do it.”

40. Lady M: “We’ll blame it on the servants.”
Macbeth’s final line
Beginning of Tragic Fall

41. ACT 1 Quiz Define “divine right of kings”.
Scene 3, the witches prophesy WHAT about Macbeth?
What do they prophesy about Banquo?
What is the news in Scene 3 that convinces Macbeth of the witches’ power?
Would Macbeth have decided to kill King Duncan if his wife had said nothing? How do you know?

42. The story of people’s
Emotions
Fears
Loves
Hates
Prejudices
Weaknesses
Strengths
NEVER CHANGES.

43. Then and now

44. The point

45. Who is macbeth?
HE IS A METAPHOR…

46. …for you and me.

48. Predictions He’ll end up like the rest of them. He has no talent.
He’ll start using drugs.
He’ll end up drinking and driving.
He’ll end up in the gutter.

49. Petty crimes
Marijuana
Underage Drinking
Endangerment to Others
Even though he already had success…the TRAGIC FALL occurs BECAUSE of what people said.

50. Who gets the blame
when he kills someone in a car crash?

51. Shakespeare just wrote about truths that never change….
And by KNOWING what he meant, we can
LEARN FROM THESE TRUTHS
NOT BE SURPRISED WHEN THEY PROVE TRUE
REALIZE OUR OWN PASSIONS, AND REACH THEM

52. Is Macbeth an evil person?
Were the witches really supernatural?
Whether they are or not,
he’s already moving up in life
and because of GREED, he’s walking down a bad path.

53. We can all be driven by what we are told.

54. Quotes

55. No more that Thane of Cowdor shall decieve our bosom interest
No more that Thane of Cowdor shall decieve our bosom interest. Go pronounce his present death.
Though his bark cannot be lost, yet it can be tempest tossed.
All hail Macbeth, that shall be king herafter!
Thou shalt get Kings, though thou be none.
But 'tis strange; and oftentimes, to win us to our harm, the instruments of darkness tell us truths, win us with honest trifles, to betray us in deepest consequence.

56. Nothing in his life became like him leaving it.
There is no art to find the mind's construction in the face.
I have begun to plant thee, and will labor to make thee full of growing.
Stars, hide your fires: Let not lights see my black and deep desires.
But screw your courage to the sticking place, and we will not fail.

57. False face must hide what false heart doth know.
"Come, you spirits; That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty."
"Yet do I fear nature; It is too full o' th' milk of human kindness To catch the nearest way"
All hail, Macbeth! hail to thee Thane of Glamis!" "All hail, Macebth! hail to thee Thane of Cawdor!" "All hail, Macebth! thou shalt be king hereafter!
There's no art; To find the mind's construction in the face

58. Look like the innocent flower, But be the serpent under't.
I have given suck, and know
How tender 'tis to love the babe that milks me:
I would, while it was smiling in my face,
Have pluck'd my nipple from his boneless gums,
And dash'd the brains out, had I so sworn as you;
Have done to this.
"Fair is foul and foul is fair."
If you can look into the seeds of time, And say which grain will grow, and which will not, Speak.
He bade me, from him, call thee thane from Cawdor

59. KNOW who said the following quotes
KNOW who said the following quotes. You’ll need to know them for tomorrow’s test.
These quotes express main ideas of scenes 1 through 5. With a partner, write your own summary of the scenes. Tell WHY the quotes matter.

60. Example:
Fair is foul, and foul is fair.
Scene 1 begins with the witches in a thunderstorm. They say “fair is foul and foul is fair.” This means “good is bad and bad is good.” The

61. "Fair is foul, and foul is fair." (Scene 1)
"No more that Thane of Cawdor shall decieve our bosom interest. Go pronounce his present death." (Scene 2)
"All hail Macbeth, that shalt be king hereafter!" (Scene 3)
"Stars, hide your fires: Let not lights see my black and deep desires." (Scene 4)
"Come, you spirits; That tend on mortal thoughts, unsex me here, And fill me from the crown to the toe top-full Of direst cruelty." (Scene 5)

62. ACT 2 Characters King (for now) Macbeth, and Lady Macbeth Banquo
Fleance
Malcolm
Lennox, Ross

63. Act 2, scene 1
Conversation: Banquo and his son Fleance. Tells Macbeth in courtyard late at night he can’t sleep.
Banquo calls the stars candles, notes that they are all “out.”
Remember “Stars, hide your fires”?
Says good night to Macbeth.

64. Banquo still loyal to King.
Macbeth, alone, hallucinates: a dagger that leads him toward Duncan’s bedroom.
Climbs into his chamber.

65. 2.2 Lady Macbeth, waiting in courtyard, meets Macbeth after the deed.
Macbeth’s conscience, driving him crazy.
Accidentally brought the murder weapon…she takes it back, smears blood on drunk guards.

66. She feels absolutely no remorse.
But for Macbeth…sleep is gone. “[Macbeth] hath murdered sleep.”
CONCEPTS
Both their ability to pray, and to sleep, have been destroyed.

67. Knocking.

68. 2.3 Gatekeeper opens the outside gate. Discovers Duncan’s body. Chaos.
Macduff, here to bring King back home.
Foil.
Christ figure.
Discovers Duncan’s body.
Chaos.
Macbeth runs in, sees the bloody servants, pretends to be furious, kills them.
Why?
Duncan sons, Malcolm and Donalbain, flee to England and Ireland for their own safety.

69. 2.4
TREASON.
One of the Thanes talks to an old man outside…who reports that Nature isn’t working like normal.
Rumor spreads. Why did the two sons run off?
Macduff accuses them of killing their father Duncan, and announces that Macbeth has been named king.
Prophecies true.

70. Quiz
In the beginning of Act 2, Banquo says the stars are “out.” Why is this significant?
What does Lady Macbeth do with the murder weapon?
What is a Christ figure?
What is a foil?
Why are unnatural things happening, such as people not sleeping, nor being able to pray?

71. Journal
Imagine that you are Banquo, the King has been murdered, and his sons have fled to another land. Your friend, Macbeth, has just been made King…like the witches predicted. What do you think of this? What lies in store for YOU, and how do you feel? Whom do you suspect killed the king…and why?

72. Macbeth, and Lady Macbeth Banquo
ACT 3 Characters
Macbeth, and Lady Macbeth
Banquo
Fleance
Malcolm and Donalbain
Hitmen

73. Beginning of Macbeth’s rule as King.
Setting
Beginning of Macbeth’s rule as King.

74. Banquo begins to suspect Macbeth.
Act 3, Scene 1
Banquo begins to suspect Macbeth.
What might lead him to think that? (Think prophecies…)
Macbeth invites Banquo to royal supper.
“Okay. I’ll be there.”
Macbeth remembers what the witches said about Banquo.
What does he do?

75. Hires hitmen
Convinces them Banquo deserves death (as though that matters to hitmen)

76. Lady M calls for Macbeth.
Act 3, Scene 2
Lady M calls for Macbeth.
They both agree, better to be dead than be sleepless and nervous.
She wants to kill Banquo & his son.
Macbeth: “I’m already taking care of that… It’s better that you don’t know.”
Why?
Says he’ll outsmart Fate.

77. Concept
Hubris: (noun) extreme pride or self-confidence. Shows loss of contact with reality, overestimation of your own ability, and standing up against higher Powers.

78. Act 3, Scene 3
The two murders (and their friend) wait outside for Banquo and Fleance.
They stab Banquo…who, bleeding, tells his son to flee.
Dies in the darkness…which Fleance uses to escape.

79. Act 3 Quiz
Act 3, Scene 1. Macbeth invites Banquo to _______ at the palace that night.
Why is he so big on killing Banquo and his son? I mean, he’s already King…
Macbeth tells Lady M. to not worry about his plan (to kill Banquo). Why doesn’t he want her to know what it is?
What is Hubris?
Whom do the murderers FAIL to kill?
Is Fate still in charge?

80. 3.4 Macbeth finds out Fleance lives The banquet begins
Banquo’s ghost enters and sits in Macbeth’s chair.
Macbeth’s disturbances and direct addresses to a ghost that only he can see cause the banquet to end in disorder.
After the thanes depart, Macbeth notes Macduff’s absence and decides to consult the witches.

81. 3.5 Hecate, goddess of witches, calls the weird sisters to her
Complains that she’s been left out of Macbeth's downfall
Wishes personally to make his downfall complete

82. 3.6
Meeting with a rebel lord, Lennox reveals his doubts concerning Macbeth
Points out Macbeth killed the guards of Duncan's chamber very quickly
Macduff has fled from Scotland to join forces with Malcolm in England.
They have requested help from England's King.
Lennox prays God's vengeance may fall on Macbeth.

83. Concept: Paradox
A paradox is a statement that seems impossible, with TWO opposite ideas that seem to contradict each other. Yet, it may still be quite true.
Example: Act 1, Scene 1. The witches will meet “when the battle’s lost and won.”

84. Perspective Activity
Find a partner for this activity.
Partner A: Lady Macbeth. B: Macbeth.
Look at 3.4. The ghost is here, Macbeth and Lady Macbeth are panicking.

85. Perspective Activity
Like we did with the page from Banquo’s Journal, we’re talking about perspective. DISCUSS the banquet scene for five to ten minutes with your partner.
Write two paragraphs from M or Lady M’s perspective. What does YOUR character think about the ghost? The other partner’s character? How does the event change things? Was it a real ghost, or merely a hallucination? Write anything and everything your character thinks about what just happened.

86. ACT 4 Characters Malcolm Macbeth, Lady Macbeth Lennox Witches
Macduff and Lady Macduff
Son

87. 1st, armed head, says “beware of Macduff.”
Act 4, Scene 1
Macbeth revisits the witches
Show him four apparitions that predict the future.
1st, armed head, says “beware of Macduff.”
2nd, bloody child, says “no man born of a woman will be able to kill Macbeth.”
3rd, crowned child holding a tree, “until Birnam Wood comes to Dunsinane Hill, he will not be conquered.”

88. 2nd Apparition: "Be bloody, bold, and resolute; laugh to scorn / The power of man, for none of woman born / Shall harm Macbeth" (4.1.81). This is an equivocation.
It sounds like it means that no man can harm Macbeth, because every man is born of woman.

89. Concept: Equivocation
Equivocation – (noun) a vague statement with multiple possible meanings.

90. Vision ends with a line of Kings (Whose sons?)
Macbeth learns Macduff has left his house and sends murderers to kill his family.

92. 4.2
At Macduff’s castle…
Lady Macduff demands to know where her husband is
Messenger warns them to flee for their safety
Lady Macduff refuses, soon murderers kill her son
…and pursue Lady Macduff

93. Act 4 Quiz First apparition: beware ______.
Second apparition: no man _______ ___ _______ can kill Macbeth.
Why does the third apparition give him confidence?
Define equivocation.
What does Macbeth do just after the vision is over?