1. Carlos Montalvo Foy H. Moody High School; Corpus Christi ISD Faculty Mentor: Dr. Zhengdong Cheng Artie McFerrin Dept. of Chemical Engineering

2.  B.S., University of Science and Technology of China, Hefei, China, 1990  M.S., Institute of High Energy Physics, Beijing, China, 1993  Ph.D., Princeton University, 1999  Postdoc, ExxonMobil, 1999-2000  DiCon Fiberoptics Inc., 2001-2002  Postdoc, Harvard Universtiy, 2002- 2004

3.  Colloid Chemistry Colloid—type of mechanical mixture where one substance is dispersed evenly throughout another.

4. Aspects of Research  Colloidal Crystal Growth Engineering and ordering large crystals to create photonic band gaps for optical computers  Discotic Colloids Study the flow and movement of disk like molecules such as red blood cells  Cell Encapsulation Using microreactors to create a protective “bubble” over a cell for possible drug delivery

5. Crystal Structure Review

6. How are Colloids and Crystal structures related?  Colloidal Crystals!! 89 min152 min 0 min4 min11 min 25 min

7. Reason for Understanding Colloidal Crystals  Optical Computers

8. Optical Computer

9. Discotic Colloids  Emulsification—process by which one liquid is dispersed into another in the form of small droplets (http://www.pwsrcac.org/resources/glossary.html) Wax with 1% STADIS-450 Flow Rate : 4ml/h Voltage: 2.8 kV

10. Electrospray  Electrospray Ionization technique where droplets are created in an electric field An electric force is applied to a liquid surface

12. Wax Emulsion  Eicosene (wax) Formation of droplets Lower temperature to form disks

13. Disk Forming  Electrospray cooling forms disks similar to shape of Red Blood Cell

14. Cell Encapsulation  Placing a cell into a protective membrane that is not immunosuppressed.

16. Cell Encapsulation: concept  Encapsulate cells of interest in semi-permeable membrane  Implant cell capsules  Cells release therapeutic substances  Advantages Immunoisolation Natural therapeutic response  Applications Diabetes (type I) Hemophilia Cancer Renal failure Dr. Dawei Luo

17. Cell Encapsulation  Confocal microscope imaging shows the uniform shape of alginate disks.  Fluorescence shows successful encapsulation of colloidal particles.

18. Microfluidics  Microfluidics water oil

19. Microfluidics  Microreactors using microfluidics

20. Experiments to be Conducted  Formation of microdisks using Electrospray technique

21. Droplet Formation Using Electrospray

22. Experiments to be Conducted  Study the size and variation of the wax disks as electrospray settings are changed  Study how the disks flow through various substances (ie.—red blood cell flow)  Observe and study encapsulation techniques  Attempt to add protective coating to encapsulations

23.  Aspects of Research Colloidal crystal growth Disk formation using Electrospray Cell encapsulation using Electrospray and microfluidics  Classroom Activities???

24.  Dr. Zhengdong Cheng  Andres Mejia  Lucas Kinard  National Science Foundation