1. History of Public Health and Warfare Module 1

2. But First johnrindy@hotmail.com www.ysuwmd.com Go to course homepage

3. Early Unconventional War 431-404 B.C. Peloponnesian War -Pitch – Greeks and Spartans 4 th Century B.C.Mining Sieges Deterred 189 B.C. Greeks Used Smoke Against Tunneling

4. Incendiaries 360 B.C. Greeks May Have Used Oils Arabs May Have Distilled Naphtha From Crude 6 th Century B.C. Early Napalm – Wax or Quicklime Added –Quicklime Causes Spontaneous Combustion

5. Incendiaries Gun Powder – 1250 A.D. –Potassium nitrate, 3 –Wood charcoal, powdered, 2 –Sulfur, powdered, 0.5 –Alcohol, 10 –Water 3

6. Transition of Epidemiology <1875 Age of Pestilence 1875-1930 Age of Receding Pandemics >1930 Age of Degenerative Diseases

7. <1830 Many human factors affected including fertility, adult and infant mortality, immunity, sanitation. Theological roots of disease.

8. Theological Perspective “Disease attacked the dirty, the improvident, the intemperate, the ignorant; the clean, the pious and the virtuous, on the other hand, tended to escape.” Elizabeth Fee, Ph.D. Principles of Public Health Practice 2 nd Edition

9. Ignas Semmelweis As early as the 1840’s Ignas Semmelweis showed that handwashing could help prevent Purpureal Fever in newborns.

10. First Attempts at Public Health Where US intersected the world Yellow Fever – 1793 Ships – Quarantined -40 days First Regulated Area –Putrefactive fermentation –Graveyards, tanneries, tallow makers –Sugar boilers, slaughterhouses

11. What Were the Diseases? Yellow Fever Cholera Tuberculosis Smallpox Typhus Dysentery Diptheria Typhoid Fever Measles Influenza Malaria Scarlet Fever Black Death

12. 1875-1930 Sanitary Awakening Germ Theory Public Health Pinnacle

13. Louis Pasteur Rules Out Spontaneous Generation Broth Studies Cleaned Up the Hospitals Worked on Rabies and Anthrax Vaccines

14. First Attempts at Control 1864 – Citizens Assoc – NYC –Dr. Ezra Pulling mapped outbreaks Lemuel Shattuck –Said we should track vital statictics – Report of Sanitary Commission 1857-1860 – First Quarantine/Sanitary Conventions

15. The Public Health System 1872 – Formation of the APHA –Doctors and Lawyers Welcome State Boards of Health –MA, CA, DC, VA, MN, MD and AL –Not Much Power

16. The Public Health System The Marine Hospital Service (1789) –1879 Yellow Fever Epidemic (Natl Board) –States Rights Issues + Profit –1883 Power To MHS –1912 - USPHS

17. Industrial Revolution Gives Rise to New Industry U.S. and Germany Large Industries Rise of Chemical Industry

18. Most Notable in Chemistry Advent of Organic Chemistry Synthesis and Polymerization Haber Cycle (Haber Reaction) Other Elements’ Importance –S, N, P, Halogens and Metals

19. Reminders No Class on Monday Read Module 1 Homepage Read Chapters + On-Line Links Attend the Michael Mair On-Line Session Questions Due by 11:00PM Thurs Click Student Tab on Homepage