1. 10A Galaxies Island Universes

2. 10A Copyright – Adam Block, KPNO

3. 10A Hubble Tuning Fork

4. 10A Ellipticals

5. 10A Huge No gas. No dust. No young stars. Nothing but old stars. –Random orbits.

6. 10A M 87 Copyright – Anglo-Australian Telescope Board Copyright - HST

7. 10A Hubble Tuning Fork

8. 10A Copyright – Adam Block, KPNO

9. 10A Spirals

10. 10A Like Milky Way Disks and bulge. Young stars and old. Gas and dust. Stars forming. Stars dying. M81 and M82 – Copyright R. Gendler

11. 10A M63 Copyright – S. Miyazaki, Suburu

12. 10A NGC1365 Copyright – VLT

13. 10A M31 The Andromeda Galaxy Copyright – Jason Ware Copyright – S. Miyazaki, Suburu

14. 10A M33 – Copyright NOAO

15. 10A M51 - Copyright HST John P. Gleason

16. 10A NGC 4314

17. 10A NGC 891 – Copyright J.C. Barentine, NOAO NGC 891 – Copyright WIYN

18. 10A Sombrero Galaxy – Copyright P. Barthel VLT M10 – copyright Credner and Kohle

19. 10A NGC 4526

20. 10A Irregulars

21. 10A Groups

22. 10A The Local Group

23. 10A Clusters

24. 10A

25. 10A NGC 1316 – Copyright VLT

26. 10A The Virgo Cluster

27. 10A The Hubble Deep Field

28. 10A 21cm Radiation Neutral hydrogen (HI) gives off radiation at 21cm. Milky Way HI emission – Copyright J. Dickey

29. 10A Extragalactic HI Observe HI in other galaxies.

30. 10A Rotation Curves If HI gas is rotating or moving, the 21cm radiation will be Doppler Shifted.

31. 10A

32. 10A

33. 10A Galaxy Masses Apply Kepler’s Laws to galaxy pairs. Get estimates of mass. Result: more dark matter. Apply Kepler’s Laws to galaxy clusters. Get mass estimates. Result: even more dark matter!

34. 10A

35. 10A Hubble’s Law Measure the velocity of every galaxy. Nearly all are redshifted. Use Cepheids to measure distances to nearby galaxies. Result: The faster it’s moving, the farther away it is.

36. 10A Map the Universe Measure v Calculate d Find: Voids Walls Clusters