1. IAD 2263: System Analysis and Design Chapter 3: Investigating System Requirements

2. Content Analysis activities in more detail System requirements Models and modeling Stakeholders – The source of system requirements Techniques for Information Gathering Validating the requirement

3. The Analysis Phase in More Detail Gather information Define system requirements –Functional and nonfunctional Prioritize requirements Prototype for feasibility and discovery Generate and evaluate alternatives Review recommendations with management 2

4. The Activities of the Analysis Phase ‏ 3

5. Activities of the Analysis Phase and Their Key Questions ‏ 4

6. System Requirements System requirements – specifications that define the new system Functional requirements –Activities system must perform (use cases) ‏ –Based on procedures and business functions –Documented in analysis models 5

7. System Requirements (cont) ‏ Nonfunctional requirements –Technical requirement – hardware and software –Performance requirement – workload measures –Usability requirement – user interface, workflow –Reliability requirement – outages, error detection –Security requirement – access & protection 6

8. Models and Modeling Analyst describes information system requirements using a collection of models Complex systems require more than one type of model Models represent some aspect of the system being built Process of creating models helps analyst clarify and refine design Models assist communication with system users 7

9. Stakeholders—The Source of System Requirements People with interest in successful system implementation Three primary groups of stakeholders –Users (use system) ‏ –Clients (pay for and own system) ‏ –Technical staff (ensure system operation) ‏ Every type of stakeholder is identified by analyst 8

10. Stakeholders Interested in New System Development 9

11. Techniques for Information Gathering Analysis phase done to understand business functions and develop system requirements Original structured approach –Create model of existing system –Derive requirements from existing system model Current approach –Identify logical requirements for new system –Balance the review of current business functions with new system requirements 10

12. Relationship Between Information Gathering and Model Building ‏ 11

13. Validating the Requirements Make sure gathered information is correct Structured walkthrough –Effective means of implementing quality control early in project –Verify and validate system requirements –Review of findings from investigation and of models based on findings Project manager responsible for system quality –Systems analyst, project manager are partners 12

14. Structured Walkthrou gh Form 13

15. Activity Diagrams Workflow – sequence of steps to process a business transaction Activity Diagram – workflow diagram to describe sequence of steps Synchronization bar – symbol to control splitting or merging of a path on an activity diagram Swimlane – bounded area that contains activities of a single agent 14

16. Activity Diagram Symbols 15

17. Activity Diagram that Models a Workflow 16

18. Activity Diagram with Concurrent Paths 17

19. Build Prototypes Prototype - Preliminary working model of a larger, more complex system component –Discovery, design, evolving prototypes Prototype should be –Operative Working model to provide “look and feel” –Focused to accomplish single objective –Quick Built and modified rapidly with CASE tools 18

20. Distribute and Collect Questionnaires Limited and specific information from a large number of stakeholders Preliminary insight into business Not well suited for gathering detailed information Closed-ended questions direct person answering question Open-ended questions encourage discussion and elaboration 19

21. Class Activity- Case Study on activity diagram Develop an activity diagram based on the following narrative. –The purchasing department handles purchase requests from other departments in the company. People in the company who initiate the original purchase request are the "customers" of the purchasing department. A case worker within the purchasing department receives that request and monitors it until it is ordered and received. –Case workers process requests for the purchase of products under $1,500, write a purchase order, and then send it to the approved vendor. Purchase requests over $1,500 must first be sent out for bid from the vendor that supplies the product. When the bids return, the case worker selects one bid. Then, he or she writes a purchase order and sends it to the vendor.

22. Case Study Answer

23. THANKS You are never too old to set another goal or to dream a new dream. ~C. S. Lewis~