1. BY: SAVANNAH C, MEAGHAN S AND CHRIS C. Cathedrals and Castles

2. Building a Cathedral Materials  Mainly made of limestone  Mortar-binded rocks, form of cement  Wood- held up roofs and doors  More money the Bishop had = bigger cathedral  Used columns to help spread out and support weight

3. Building a Cathedral Can weigh up to 150,00 tons  Stones can weight up to 5.5 each  Minimal technology used to move stones Can cost up to $2oo million Takes around 100 years to build Problems  Can be attacked while building  New bishops often wanted to change huge parts, thus causing it to take longer

4. Ornamentation Gargoyles- helped get rid of water from rain gutters Tympanum design usually conveyed a biblical message Stained glass  Light went through rather than reflected off  Symbolic in the way that light equates with goodness  Sculptures and stain glass tells the story of God that the bible doesn’t tell

5. St. Pau’ls Cathedral: London, England History  Built between 1675 and 1710  Present cathedral was completed on October 20 th, 1708  3 cathedrals built  Built by Saxons but was burned down in 675  Built by Normans after Saxons was burned down  Old St. Paul’s burned down in The Great London Fire in 1666

6. St. Paul’s Cathedral West and front towers- a stairway with 6 sets of double columns Nave- main part of cathedral that is very long, high dome ceilings, black and white floors Chapels- 3 chapels total: All Souls Chapel, The Chapel of the Order of St. Michael and St. George and St. Dunstan’s Chapel Crypt- contains over 200 memorials Dome and galleries- dome rises 108.4 meters from the floor Contains 3 circular galleries

7. St. Paul’s Cathedral St. Paul’s Hallways and Dome

8. Notre Dame: Paris, France Begun in 1163 and ended in 1250  1163: Foundation  1200: West front started, many different architects created different layers  1210-1220: Rose window and great halls  1245: Everything finished Attacked during the French Revolution  Sculptures were destroyed and was redecorated

9. Notre Dame: Paris, France Features  West front  Galerie Des Chimères  Kings Gallery  West rose window  5 portals and 3 stained glass windows

10. Building a Castle Materials  Large blocks of stone, cut with precision  Solid walls and pillars  Pointed arches that could support weight  Towers surrounded by more slender towers  Used a chisel to make decorative designs Struggles  Took long to build  People tried to destroy them

11. Ornamentation Fortresses built on hills and had moats Very high Gargoyles Hammerbeam roofs Wider windows Flying buttresses distributed the weight

12. Windsor Castle: Berkshire,England Was built in 1080 Gradually became a Royal residence Originally built to protect Norman dominance around the outskirts of London Middle Ward- heart of the castle State apartments- many decorated rooms Castle gardens stretch east from the Upper Ward across a 20th- century terrace

13. Windsor Castle: Berkshire, England

14. Works Cited http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/Win dsorCastle/History.aspx Windsor Castle History http://www.royal.gov.uk/TheRoyalResidences/Win dsorCastle/History.aspx http://www.sacred- destinations.com/england/london-st-pauls-cathe http://www.sacred- destinations.com/england/london-st-pauls-cathe dral St. Paul’s Cathedral dral http://www.medieval- castles.net/castle_history/index.htm Castle History http://www.medieval- castles.net/castle_history/index.htm