1. Key Concept 2.3 Emergence of Transregional Networks of Communication and Exchange. Much of this trade resulted from the demand for raw materials and l________ goods. Land and water routes linked many regions of the E_________Hemisphere, while somewhat later separate networks connected the peoples and societies of the Americas.

2. I. Land and water routes became the basis for transregional trade, communication and exchange networks in the Eastern Hemisphere, while somewhat later separate networks connected the peoples and societies of the Americas. NOTE: Students should know how factors including the climate and location of the routes, the typical trade goods, and the ethnicity of people involved shaped the distinctive features of the following trade routes. A. Eurasian ________Roads B. Trans-Saharan c_________routes C. Indian Ocean sea lanes D. Mediterranean sea lanes

3. II. New technologies facilitated long-distance communication and exchange. A. New technologies (such as yokes, saddles or stirrups) permitted the use of domesticated pack animals (such as horses, o______, l_______ or ca_______) to transport goods across longer routes.

4. Add east weast point from ap curriculum Innovations in maritime technologies, as well as advanced knowledge of the monsoon winds, stimulated exchanges along maritime routes from East Africa to East Asia. Teach one illustrative example of innovations in maritime technologies, either from the list below or an example of your choice: Lateen sail Dhow ships CONTRAST Med ships to IO ships

5. Long banks of oars propelled the Roman warship swiftly through the water and into battle. Roman cargo ships featured the same distinctive square sails, but warships often had additional protective coverings to shield them from fire and missiles.

6. The earliest evidence for domesticated ________ in the region about 7 th cent BCE; late centuries BCE special camel _________ developed.

8. Trans Saharan Trade gold, ivory trade, and salt sent north and east to population centers in North Africa, the Middle East and Europe in exchange for glassware, cloth, ceramics etc Although there are Classical references to direct travel from the Mediterranean to West Africa most of this trade was conducted through nomads (middlemen), inhabiting the area and aware of passages through the

9. Trans Saharan Trade and Carth age Carthage founded c. 800 BCE, one terminus for West African gold, ivory, and salt. Even after fall of Carthaginian Empire Trade continued into Roman times.

10. III. Alongside the trade in goods, exchanges of people, technology, religious and cultural beliefs, food crops, domesticated animals and disease pathogens developed across far-flung networks of communication and exchange. A. The spread of crops, including rice and cotton from South Asia to the Middle East, encouraged changes in farming and irrigation techniques (such as the development of the q________t system in Persia). B. The spread of disease pathogens diminished urban populations and contributed to the decline of some empires (such as Rome or China) C. Religious and cultural traditions were transformed as they spread including Chinese culture, Christianity, Hinduism and Buddhism. AKA great vehicle bodhisattvas, revere e Buddha influence in China and Japan

12. Influential Trade Empires Required examples of key states and empires (Student should know the location and names): Southwest Asia: Persian Empires East Asia: Qin and Han Empire South Asia: Maurya and Gupta Empires Mediterranean region: Phoenicia and its colonies, Greek city-states and colonies, and Hellenistic and Roman Empires Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya city-states Andean South America: Moche What Unit is this? Unit 2 600 bce to 600 CE

13. What is the title? Hint it starts with a “c”

14. The Phoenicians were masters of the s_______. Their economy was based on trade. Rather than moving goods over the land in massive caravans, the Phoenicians built large sailing ships. The Phoenicians (1500–300 b.c.)

17. The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states. Required examples of key states and empires (Student should know the location and names):,... Mediterranean region: Phoenicia and its colonies, Greek city-states and colonies, and Hellenistic and Roman Empires

18. Hellenistic Era: Time period where Greek (and then Roman) culture spread and blended with civilizations conquered by A__________ the __________. The Hellenistic period is the period of ancient Greek and eastern Mediterranean history between the death of Alexander the Great in 323 BC and the emergence of the Roman Empire in 30 BCE.ancient GreekMediterranean historydeath Alexander the Great Roman Empire

19. Greco-Buddhism, cultural syncretism between Hellenistic culture and Buddhism, developed between the 4th century BCE and the 5th century CE cultural consequence of a long chain of interactions begun by Greek forays into India from the time of Alexander the Great, carried further by the establishment of Indo-Greek rule in the area for some centuries, and extended during flourishing of the Hellenized empire of the Kushans. The convergence of Greco-Roman culture and Buddhist beliefs affected the development of unique sculptural developments.

20. The Buddha, in Greco-Buddhist style, 1st-2nd century CE, Gandhara (Modern Pakistan). (Standing Buddha (Tokyo National Museum)).

23. ________’s Missionary Activities The Spread of Christianity during 200-400 A.D

25. Major Developments: 200 CE to 600 CE Collapse of empire; Han china, western portion of Roman empire, Gupta Collapse of empire was more severe in _______ Europe than it was in the ________Med or China

26. SIMILARITIES Several common factors caused H, R and G empires to fall:  Attacks from ___________ or migratory groups Their migration was probably caused by drought and lack of pasture, and the invention and use of the s__________facilitated their attacks on all three established civilizations.  Deterioration of political institutions - All three empires were riddled by political ___________during their latter days, and all three suffered under weak-willed rulers. Moral decay also characterized the years prior to their respective falls.  Protection/maintenance of __________- which had grown so large that their military had trouble guarding them. A primary example is the failure of the Great Wall to keep the Huns out of China. The Huns generally just went around it.  __________that followed the trade routes - Plagues and epidemics may have killed off as much as half of the population of each empire. COMMON CONSEQUENCES ____________was disrupted but survived, keeping intact the trend toward increased long-distance contact. Trade on the ________ _________even increased as conflict and decline of political authority affected overland trade. (ooh ccot pt) The importance of ____________increased as political authority decreased. In the west religion, particularly______, developed authority in many areas of people's lives. ________also spread quickly in China, presenting itself as competition to Confucian traditions.

27. DIFFERENCES in the effect of the fall The fall of the Gupta probably had the least impact, partly because political unity wasn't the rule anyway, and partly because the traditions of _________ and the ________system continued on after the empire fell. The fall of the Han Dynasty –takes several 100 years before next dynasty—but tho discredited, __________traditions continued to give coherence to Chinese society. Nomads (as usual) adopted Ch ways The most devastating fall of all occurred in the _______ part of the Roman Empire. Roman civilization depended almost exclusively on the ability of the government and the military to control territory. Even though __________emerged as a major religion, it appeared so late in the life of the empire that it provided little to unify people as Romans after the empire fell. Instead, the areas of the empire fragmented into small parts and developed unique characteristics, and the Western Roman Empire never united again.

28. Hsiung-nu—pastoral nomads originate in the ________ lived in areas that sedentary agriculture could not cuz not enuf rain, incursions into China, Gupta and Rome, played major role in rise and fall of empires in civilized cores—courage culture, kin-related bands, honor, vendettas, men dominate, short legged horses, some social stratification

30. The Fall... The Roman, Han, Persian, Mauryan, and Gupta empires created political, cultural, and administrative difficulties that they could not manage, which eventually led to their decline, collapse and transformation into successor empires or states. A. Through excessive mobilization of resources, imperial governments caused environmental damage (such as deforestation, desertification, soil erosion or silted rivers) and generated social tensions and economic difficulties by concentrating too much wealth in the hands of elites. B. External problems resulted from security issues along their frontiers, including the threat of invasions. (such as between Han China and Xiongnu; Gupta and the White Huns; or between Romans, and their northern and eastern neighbors)

31. 2 3 7 6 8 9 4 1 Teach one illustrative example of cities, either from the list below or an example of your choice: Persepolis, Chang’an Pataliputra Athens Carthage Rome Alexandria Constantinople Teotihuacan

32. 2 3 7 6 8 9 4 1 Teach one illustrative example of cities, either from the list below or an example of your choice: Persepolis (8), Chang’an (7) Pataliputra(6) Athens (3) Carthage (2) Rome (4) Alexandria (5) Constantinople (9) Teotihuacan (1) 5

33. The AMERICAs UNIT ONE: In Mesoamerica: O________ (about 1400-400 BCE) In Andean South America: C________ (about 900-200 BCE) UNIT TWO In Mesoamerica: T________ and M_________ In Andean South America: M________ Oh Crap, those messy Mayans and make it go UP (meso) DOWN (Andes)

34. Draw arrows to the correct places for the 6 Neolithic Civilizations

35. _________ Olmec is a syllabic writing system used in the Olmec heartland from 900 BC- AD 450. This is the earliest text written in America, helps us to understand the culture religion and politics of the Olmec

36. Ancestors of the _______ ; cultivators of the _______ The ___________ were a civilization that developed in the northern __________ highlands of Peru from 900 BC to 200 BC. The site of Chavín de Huántar

37. UNIT TWO THOSE –Messy MAYANS

38. Teotihuacán The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states. Required examples of key states and empires (Student should know the location and names):,... Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya city-states Cities served as centers of trade, public performance of religious rituals, and political administration for states and empires. Teach one illustrative example of cities, either from the list below or an example of your choice: Persepolis, Chang’an Pataliputra Athens Carthage Rome Alexandria Constantinople Teotihuacan

39. Mayan How about: Oh crap those messy Mayans

40. Started building approx 100 BCE; lasted until sometime between the 7th and 8th centuries CE. At its zenith, Teotihuacan largest city in the pre-Columbian Americas. more than 200,000inhabitants multi-floor apartment compounds One of the largest cities of the world

41. Moche (Mochica) society north Peruvian coastal desert 100-800 CE Andean South America: Moche The number and size of key states and empires grew dramatically by imposing political unity on areas where previously there had been competing states. Required examples of key states and empires (Students should know the location and names): Mesoamerica: Teotihuacan, Maya city-states

42. Royal Textiles Developed a powerful elite and specialized craft production instituted labor tribute* payments. new technologies in metallurgy, pottery, and textile production, Concept 2.2, III C. Imperial societies relied on a range of methods to maintain the production of food and provide rewards for the loyalty of the elites. Teach one illustrative example of such methods, either from the list below or an example of your choice: Corvee Slavery Rents and tributes Peasant communities Family and household production

43. City-__________ of Mayan Civilization

44. The ruins of Palenque. Classical era : 200-900 CE Codex (Books)

45. Mayan Technology’s role in state building Most lands occupied by the Maya were poorly drained lowlands with poor soil. To improve agricultural production, the Maya constructed terraces, which trapped silt carried by rivers and so retained rich earth for planting, thereby allowing their expansion and population growth.

47. RELIGIONS and Belief Systems

49. Towns in the Diaspora The association of monotheism with Judaism was further developed with the codification of the Hebrew Scriptures, which also showed reflected the influence of Mesopotamian cultural and legal traditions. The Assyrian, Babylonian and Roman empires conquered various Jewish states at different points in time. These conquests contributed to the growth of Jewish diasporic communities around the Mediterranean and Middle East.

50. Jewish Diasporic Communities Definition: dispersion of Jews outside of Israel from the sixth century B.CE, when they were exiled to Babylonia, until the present time. Psalm 137 By the rivers of Babylon, there we sat, sat and wept, as we thought of Zion. There on the willows we hung up our lyres, for our captors asked us there for songs, our tormentors, for amusement, "Sing us one of the songs of Zion." How can we sing a song of the Lord on alien soil? If I forget you, O Jerusalem, let my right hand wither; let my tongue stick to my palate if I cease to think of you, if I do not keep Jerusalem in memory even at my happiest hour. Remember, O Lord, against the Edomites the day of Jerusalem's fall; how they cried, "Strip her, strip her to her very foundations!" Fair Babylon, you predator, a blessing on him who repays you in kind what you have inflicted on us; a blessing on him who seizes your babies and dashes them against the rocks. Babylonian captivity, in the history of Israel, the period from the fall of Jerusalem (586 B.C.) to the reconstruction in Palestine of a new Jewish state (after 538 B.C.).

52. B. The core beliefs outlined in the Sanskrit scriptures formed the basis of the Vedic religions—often known as_____________ which contributed to the development of the social and political roles of a c__________ system and in the importance of multiple manifestations of B_________ to promote teachings about rein____________. 'As a man casts off his worn-out clothes and takes on other new ones, so does the [soul] cast off its worn out bodies and enter new ones.' (Bhagavad-Gita 2:22)

53. IV. Other religious and cultural traditions continued parallel to the codified, written belief systems in core civilizations. A.Shamanism and an__________ continued to shape the lives of people within and outside of core civilizations, because of their daily reliance on the n__________ world. B.A_______________ veneration persisted in many regions (such as in Africa, the Mediterranean region, East Asia or the Andean areas).

54. Spread of Religions Points … B out, thru China SE Asia what? C not in China, not yet

56. Spread of __________

59. "[Sugar cane] was brought to the [Indian] subcontinent during the B.C.E., era but it was not until the Gupta period that someone in India discovered how to reduce the juice of the sugar cane into crystallized sugar and thereby began an industry that has played a significant role in history for more than a millennium." -Asia in Western and World History, by Ainslie T. Embree & Carol Gluck Gupta Golden Age

61. Slavery in China Slaves (nuli 奴隸 ) comprised roughly 1% of the population, a proportion far less than the contemporary Greco-Roman world which relied on the labor of a large slave population. Slaves were classified into two categories: those who were privately owned, and those who were owned by the state

62. 2 3 7 6 8 9 4 1 Teach one illustrative example of cities, either from the list below or an example of your choice: Persepolis, Chang’an Pataliputra Athens Carthage Rome Alexandria Constantinople Teotihuacan

63. 2 3 7 6 8 9 4 1 Teach one illustrative example of cities, either from the list below or an example of your choice: Persepolis (8), Chang’an (7) Pataliputra(6) Athens (3) Carthage (2) Rome (4) Alexandria (5) Constantinople (9) Teotihuacan (1) 5

64. Which is which?

65. First Persian Empire ______________ s – founded by Cyrus the Great (r. 558-530 BCE) created largest known empire

66. CLASSICAL CHINA Qin Dynasty 221- 202 BCE Han Dynasty 202 BCE to 220 CE...