2. The ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION Mr. P’s Class

3. ANY NOTES IN YELLOW ARE MAIN POINTS AND GO IN THE LEFT COLUMN OF YOUR NOTES

4. ANY notes in GREEN do not have to be in your notebook ANY NOTES IN RED ARE SUPPORTING DETAILS AND GO IN THE RIGHT COLUMN OF YOUR NOTES

5. KEY QUESTION Was Shays' Rebellion caused by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Explain. Was Shays' Rebellion caused by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Explain.

6. Articles of Confederation FEDERAL VS. STATE GOVERNMENT Federal Government - (a central government to control all of the states)Federal Government - (a central government to control all of the states) government of the WHOLE country. FEDERAL VS. STATE GOVERNMENT Federal Government - (a central government to control all of the states)

7. Articles of Confederation State Government - government of just one state.

8. Articles of Confederation The thirteen colonies (now states) already formed state governments and written down the rules of how they would govern. “CHARTER” or “CONSTITUTION” - (Written set of rules and laws that government must follow). 1776 – Even though the war with Britain was going on, The United States of America still needed to form a government.

9. Articles of Confederation ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION - Articles of Confederation The first plan for governing the United States. CONFEDERATION - (a loose association, rather than a firm union).

10. Articles of Confederation ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION - Articles of Confederation The first plan for governing the United States.The first plan for governing the United States. CONFEDERATION - (a loose association, rather than a firm union).

11. Articles of Confederation This deliberately made the federal government weak; the State governments had almost all of the power (see handout). Central (Federal) government - connects the states together.

12. Articles of Confederation REPUBLIC - (voters choose representatives to make laws). CONGRESS - (Representatives from each state who make laws for the whole United States).

13. Articles of Confederation Inspired by the “Iroquois Confederacy” and Magna Carta. Iroquois are a Native-American tribe who practiced DEMOCRACY - (the people choose their leaders).

14. Articles of Confederation  Larger states were permitted more delegates, but each state had only one vote.  Each state was equal to and independent from every other state. Larger states were permitted more delegates, but each state had only one vote.   No federal court system.   Power under the Articles…

15. Articles of Confederation  (they did not trust giving one person so much power).  No President (they did not trust giving one person so much power).   Weak Federal government, with one lawmaking house (Congress).

16. ORDINANCE - (government regulations or rules). 1785 - “Northwest Territory” - (what is now Michigan, Wisconsin, Illinois, Ohio, + Indiana) joined the U.S. as a territory (not yet states).

17. Articles of Confederation 1787 - NORTHWEST ORDINANCE explained: 1) How the new territory would be governed. 2) The procedure for eventually becoming states. The first ordinance divided up the territory into square chunks of land.

18. Articles of Confederation 1. 1.Freedom of religion, speech, and the right to a jury trial. The NORTHWEST ORDINANCE also contained The NORTHWEST ORDINANCE also contained Three important rules: 3. Slavery was banned in the territory. 2. Native-Americans must be treated fairly.

19. Articles of Confederation Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 1) A vote of 9/13 was needed to pass a law. 2) No supervision by the federal government to ensure that laws were carried out.

20. Articles of Confederation Why did the Articles of Confederation fail? 3) No federal court system to judge if a law was broken. 4) Changing the Articles required an unanimous vote.

21. Articles of Confederation 6) Each state had its’ own money, not negotiable in any other state. 5) Congress could not force states to give tax money to the federal government; it was frequently broke after fighting the Revolution.

22. Articles of Confederation 8) Each state NEGOTIATED (made deals) it’s own trade treaties with other countries. 7) Each state had its’ own army.

23. Articles of Confederation There were debts owed to former soldiers, other countries (France),U.S. merchants & suppliers; The Federal Government could not pay DEBTS – (Money owed to others). Problems created by the Articles of Confederation

24. Articles of Confederation A Union in name only; states operated like 13 separate countries. Disputes over state boundaries.

25. Articles of Confederation A powerless federal government.

26. Articles of Confederation No national identity.

27. Shays Rebellion A sense of lawlessness, due to the lack of a Federal army. A sense of lawlessness, due to the lack of a Federal army. No strong Federal government to oversee financial policy. No strong Federal government to oversee financial policy.

28. Shays Rebellion Worthless state money. No “check” on state government power. No President to lead the people. No President to lead the people.

29. General Daniel Shays - from Pelham, Mass. was a Revolutionary War hero. Shays Rebellion SHAYS’ REBELLION 1786-1787 because he tried to pay his bills with Massachusetts paper money, much of which the state bank had given him. The state bank foreclosed on Shays’ farm, and the farms of thousands of others because he tried to pay his bills with Massachusetts paper money, much of which the state bank had given him.

30. Shays Rebellion

31. Other business owners were also in debt, but farmers were hurt the most.

32. Shays Rebellion Remember, each state issued it’s own money, and paper money wasn’t always accepted. People (& banks) preferred coin money made of silver.

33. Shays Rebellion Thousands of people began to protest, calling themselves “the Regulators”.

34. Shays Rebellion Town meetings were held all over Massachusetts, Daniel Shays was chosen to be the leader of the Regulators. The farmers demanded:

35. Shays Rebellion 1) State government must guarantee the paper money. The farmers demanded:

36. Shays Rebellion The farmers demanded: 2) Money owed from the war.

37. Shays Rebellion Regulators shut down courthouses until their demands were met. The courts were holding foreclosure hearings on farmers and small businessmen. Many were being sent to jail for not paying their debts.

38. Shays Rebellion Governor Bowdoin sent the state Militia –(citizen- soldiers who fight during an emergency) to break up the Regulators. However the militia sided with the Regulators. Daniel Shays Governor Bowdoin

39. Shays Rebellion The governor: Created a professional army. Created a professional army. Signed new laws against the Regulators. Signed new laws against the Regulators.

40. January 25, 1787 - Regulators attacked the Springfield Armory to get weapons for a march on Boston.

41. Shays Rebellion Springfield Armory

42. The state Army defeated them.

43. Shays Rebellion. February 1787 - the army defeated the Regulators again in Sheffield.

44. Shays Rebellion Between the two battles, 35 people were killed.

45. Shays Rebellion Sheffield, MA

46. Are the ARTICLES OF CONFEDERATION responsible for SHAYS’ REBELLION?

47. Shays Rebellion Fall 1787 - Congress voted to hold a CONSTITUTIONAL CONVENTION (elected representatives meet to create a list of rules for the government). This was the only unanimous vote that the Congress ever held.

48. KEY QUESTION Was Shays' Rebellion caused by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Explain. Was Shays' Rebellion caused by the weaknesses of the Articles of Confederation? Explain.

49. THE END!