1. Regional Economies Create Differences (pgs. 212-218) Define the American Industrial Revolution (1820-1870) The change in social & economic organization that resulted from the replacement of hand tools & cottage industries with machines & the development of large-scale industrial production. What impact did it have on the US? The ready available use of new technologies, such as textile & metal production, transformed the Northeast US into an economy of factories & manufacturing operations. Slater Mill: 1 st Textile Mill in America Pawtucket, RI (1793)

2. Geographic Factors North = safe harbors & fast flowing rivers. South = fertile land for cash crops. West = fertile farm land and mineral deposits. Regional Economies Create Differences (pgs. 212-218) Economies North: industry & finance (banks) = capital earned through the shipping industry was available for investment in factories. - attracted immigrants (lots of Germans & Irish) to work in factories. South: invested in slavery & agriculture (slave labor) - Westward movement of slavery into Missouri, Texas, California, & Kansas = increased North/South tensions. West: largely agricultural.

4. Henry Clay & the American System (1815) - Political alliance = traded western support for the tariff for northern support of internal improvements & cheap land. - Threatened the economic & political interests of the South & added to the animosity between the regions. American System’s Main Goals 1.) Tariff: aid the growth of American industry by protecting American-made products. 2.) 2 nd National Bank: aid the exchange of goods across regions by establishing a national currency. 3.) Internal Improvements: assist trade by improving transportation. Regional Economies Create Differences (pgs. 212-218) “American System”

5. Erie Canal “View of Erie Canal” (1829) by John William Hill

6. Industrialism Spurs Internal Improvements - National Road: a federally funded road begun in 1811 & by 1838 extended from Cumberland, Maryland to Vandalia, Illinois. - Erie Canal: a 363-mile-long artificial waterway connecting the Hudson River with Lake Erie, built between 1817 & 1825. - Strengthened economic & political ties between the Northeast & the Northwest (West). Regional Economies Create Differences (pgs. 212-218)

7. Regional Views Towards Protective Tariffs North: favored tariffs to protect their infant industries from foreign competition. South: against protective tariffs (Nullification Crisis), opposed internal improvements, but liked cheap land (move west = plant more cotton). West: accepted in exchange for support of internal improvements (i.e. roads & canals) & cheap land. Regional Economies Create Differences (pgs. 212-218)

8. Regional Views Towards a 2 nd National Bank North: favored a National Bank. South & West: against a National Bank = gave too much economic power to rich Northeasterners. - favored state banks that would offer cheap loans. Regional Economies Create Differences (pgs. 212-218)

9. The Rise of Sectionalism - Sectionalism: the placing of the interests of one’s own region ahead of the interests of the nation as a whole.