1. Small Samples, Broad Applications: Using Bibliographies to Support Instruction, Collections, and Budgets J OHN K ROMER P HYSICAL S CIENCES L IBRARIAN M IAMI U NIVERSITY

2. Overview Background Background Bibliography Comparisons Bibliography Comparisons Cost Analysis Cost Analysis

3. Background Chemistry 254: Organic Chemistry for Majors Chemistry 254: Organic Chemistry for Majors Every sophomore chemistry major (53 students) Every sophomore chemistry major (53 students) Write a paper on a “name reaction” Write a paper on a “name reaction” Option to attend a library session (25 attended) Option to attend a library session (25 attended) Print Resources Print Resources SciFinder SciFinder Sources for spectra Sources for spectra ACS Style ACS Style

4. Part 1: Bibliography Methods Bibliographies collected and anonymized Bibliographies collected and anonymized Librarian graded bibliographies (10 points possible) Librarian graded bibliographies (10 points possible) Small deductions for formatting (0.5-1 point) Small deductions for formatting (0.5-1 point) Larger deductions for non-scholarly resources, incomplete citations, missing citations (1.5+ points) Larger deductions for non-scholarly resources, incomplete citations, missing citations (1.5+ points) Bibliographies of students who attended library session compared with those of students who did not attend a session Bibliographies of students who attended library session compared with those of students who did not attend a session

5. Findings: Number of Citations

6. Findings: Citing Spectra

7. Findings: ACS Style Largely unsatisfactory, regardless of instruction session attendance. Common errors: Including Article Titles (75%) Including Article Titles (75%) No Formatting: Bolds, Italics (60%) No Formatting: Bolds, Italics (60%) No Journal Title Abbreviations (57%) No Journal Title Abbreviations (57%) Using Other Citation Styles (21%) Using Other Citation Styles (21%)

8. Conclusions Attending a library instruction session results in: Higher bibliography scores (82% vs. 68%) Higher bibliography scores (82% vs. 68%) Using and citing more scholarly sourcesUsing and citing more scholarly sources Finding and citing spectra from a verified sourceFinding and citing spectra from a verified source Attending a library session MAY result in: Citing the original article (p=0.063) Citing the original article (p=0.063)

9. Conclusions Attending a library instruction session does NOT result in: Better use of ACS Style (or use of it whatsoever) Better use of ACS Style (or use of it whatsoever) Different breadth of coverage (range of years cited, newer or older average citation year) Different breadth of coverage (range of years cited, newer or older average citation year)

10. Limitations Self-selection Self-selection Percentage of grade Percentage of grade

11. Part 2: Cost Analysis Methods Journal costs from: Journal costs from: Direct purchase (actual amount paid) Direct purchase (actual amount paid) Ulrich’s Ulrich’s OhioLINK paid OhioLINK paid Total usage Total usage Local stats Local stats OhioLINK stats OhioLINK stats Cost per use Cost per use

12. Part 2: Cost Analysis Scenario 53 students 53 students Sophomores Sophomores Chemistry majors Chemistry majors Organic chemistry class Organic chemistry class Average 9 articles per paper Average 9 articles per paper How much did it cost? How much did it cost?

13. List Price Cost per Use 365 Articles 365 Articles Total: $12,008.78 Total: $12,008.78 Mean Cost per Use: $32.90 Mean Cost per Use: $32.90 Median Cost per Use: $4.25 Median Cost per Use: $4.25 28 Open Access Articles 28 Open Access Articles Cost per Use without OA: $35.63 Cost per Use without OA: $35.63

14. OhioLINK Adjustments Savings (or expenses!) from OhioLINK: $9,696.92 Savings (or expenses!) from OhioLINK: $9,696.92 $12,008.78-$9,696.92$2,312.71

15. SciFinder Cost per session: $18.73 Cost per session: $18.73 Low estimate: 31 sessions Low estimate: 31 sessions 31 * $18.73 = $468.31 31 * $18.73 = $468.31 Likely number based on average sessions per month: 207 sessions Likely number based on average sessions per month: 207 sessions 207 * $18.73 = $3877.58 207 * $18.73 = $3877.58

16. Librarian Cost Median salary for an academic librarian in the Midwest: $39,800 1 Median salary for an academic librarian in the Midwest: $39,800 1 52 weeks, 40 hours per week 52 weeks, 40 hours per week 2 hours prep time 2 hours prep time 6, 1-hour sessions 6, 1-hour sessions 2 hours of follow-up 2 hours of follow-up$191.35 1 http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/10/placements-and-salaries/2013-survey/explore-all-the-data-2013/#_ http://lj.libraryjournal.com/2013/10/placements-and-salaries/2013-survey/explore-all-the-data-2013/#_

17. Total Cost List cost $12008.78$3877.58 + $191.35 $16077.71 Low cost $2312.72$468.31 + $191.35 $2972.38 Likely cost $2312.72$3877.58 + $191.35 $6381.65Journals:SciFinder:Salary:

18. Potential ILL Savings Typical interlibrary loan charge: $15/article Typical interlibrary loan charge: $15/article 8 titles less expensive through ILL 8 titles less expensive through ILL For non-OhioLINK titles, potential savings of $898.47 For non-OhioLINK titles, potential savings of $898.47 4 titles with savings $49.84 or greater per use 4 titles with savings $49.84 or greater per use

19. Potential ILL Savings $2312.72$3877.58 + $191.35 $6381.65 -$898.47 $5483.18

20. Limitations Abstract vs. Full Text Abstract vs. Full Text Cost Estimations Cost Estimations Ulrich’s Ulrich’s Small Sample Size/Scale Small Sample Size/Scale

21. Future Directions Longevity study (same students or multiple years) Longevity study (same students or multiple years) Similar study on theses Similar study on theses Comparison across disciplines Comparison across disciplines

22. Questions? Thank you! kromerjd@miamioh.edu