1. John Locke

2. Patriarchalism
Master
Husband
King
Subject
Wife
Slave

3. From Jefferson’s Original Draft of the Declaration of Independence
“He has waged cruel war against human nature itself, violating its most sacred rights of life and liberty in the persons of distant people, who never offended him, captivating and carrying them into slavery in another hemisphere, or to incur miserable death in their transportation thither. This piratical warfare, the opprobrium of infidel powers, is the warfare of the Christian king of Great Britain. Determined to keep open a market where Men should be bought and sold, he has prostituted his negative for suppressing every legislative attempt to prohibit or to restrain this execrable commerce: and that this assemblage of horrors might want no fact of distinguished dye, he is now exciting those very people to rise in arms among us, and to purchase that liberty of which he has deprived them by murdering the people upon whom he also obtruded them; thus paying off former crime committed against the liberties of one people, with crimes which he urges them to commit against the lives of another.”

4. Article I, Section 2
“Representatives and direct Taxes shall be apportioned among the several States which may be included within this Union, according to their respective Numbers, which shall be determined by adding to the whole Number of free persons, including those bound to Service for a Term of Years, and excluding Indians not taxed, three fifths of all other Persons.”

5. Article I, Section 9
“The Migration or Importation of such Persons as any of the States now existing shall think proper to admit, shall not be prohibited by the Congress prior to the Year one thousand eight hundred and eight….”

6. Article IV, Section 2
“No Person held to Service or Labour in one State, under the Laws thereof, escaping into another, shall, in Consequence of any Law or Regulation therein, be discharged from such Service or Labour, but shall be delivered up on Claim of the Party to whom such Service or Labour may be due.”

7. John Murray, Earl Dunmore

8. General Sir Henry Clinton

9. John Laurens

10. Black Loyalist Troops in Virginia

11. Member of the Royal Ethiopian Regiment (detail from Copley’s Death of Major Peirson)

12. Commendation of James Armistead from Lafayette

13. 1783 Request for Compensation for Loss of Slave

14. Copy of the Rhode Island Gradual Emancipation Law, 1784

15. Certificate of Freedom, New York, 1814

16. Northern Gradual Emancipation
State
1790
1800
1810
1820
1830
1840
1850
1860
Connecticut
2,648
951
310 97 25 54
N/A
Massachusetts
New Hampshire
157 8
New Jersey
11,423
12,422
10,851
7,557
2,254
674
236 18
New York
21,193
20,613
15,017
10,088 75 4
Pennsylvania
3,707
1,706
795
211
403 64
Rhode Island
958
380
108 48 17 5
Vermont
Total
40,086
36,080
27,081
18,001
2,774
801

17. Absalom Jones

18. Sir Guy Carleton

19. Richard Allen

20. Toussaint Louverture