1. Chapter 7 Growth and Division
Section 2 Early Industry
Chapter 7 Growth and Division

2. A Revolution in Transportation
Led to dramatic social and economic changes
Roads and Turnpikes
National Road=funded by the national gov’t in 1811
Only great federally funded transportation project of this time
Most roads were built by states, localities, and private businesses
By 1821, 4,000 miles of toll roads were built-> connected eastern cities (trade)
Made profitable business

4. A Revolution in Transportation
Steamboats and Canals
Rivers offered cheapest and fastest way to move goods
Barges moved faster and carried more (downstream only)
In 1807, Robert Fulton and Robert Livingston stunned the nation with the Clermont
Steamboat that made upstream travel easier
Growth of river travel=canal building growth

5. Clermont

6. Robert Fulton
Robert Livingston

7. A Revolution in Transportation
The “Iron Horse”
Railroads appeared in the early 1800’s
Peter Cooper built Tom Thumb, carried 40 men and women from Baltimore, MD to Ellicott City, MD
Traveled 10 mph
Helped settle the west and expand trade in the U.S.
Caused increase in national markets->iron and coal production greatly increased

8. Tom Thumb
Peter Cooper

9. A New System of Production
Industrial Revolution- revolution in business and industry
Began in England in the late 1700’s
Shift from making goods at home by hand to mass producing goods by machines in factories
Industrialization Sweeps the North
Major factor that lead to industry in the U.S. was capitalism
Free enterprise-> encouraged competition

11. Industrial Revolution

12. Industrial Revolution
Lowell Mills in Massachusetts

13. A New System of Production
In the 1830’s states encouraged industrialization
Passed laws that allowed companies to become corporations->raise money by selling stock
Why did industrialization begin in the northeast?
Samuel Slater-
Francis C. Lowell-
Who mainly worked in the factories?
Read pg. 248 (2nd column)

14. A New System of Production
Technological Advances
New inventions and technological innovations spurred industrial growth
Eli Whitney= popularized interchangeable parts
Samuel B. Morse=created telegraph and Morse code
Led to creation of AP (Associated Press)
Rise of Large Cities
Why did people begin moving to cities?

15. New Inventors
Eli Whitney
Samuel Morse

16. Rise of Large Cities Why did people begin moving to cities?
What happened as result?
Workers Begin to Organize
By 1860, there were over 1.3 million factory workers
Labor Unions ->were formed to improve working conditions
Wanted higher wages and 10 hr. work week
Established little success

17. Family Farm
Until late in the 1800’s, Farming was still the U.S.’s leading economic activity
Employed more people and created most wealth of any other industry
Was crucial in the North and the South-> had less industry, depended more on farming