2. Saccone PowerPoint Chapter 02 Evidence for Evolution

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4. Evolutionary Tree

5. Saccone PowerPoint Evidence of Evolution Observations supporting the theory of organic evolution can be made through the study of: 1. Geologic record 2. Comparative Cytology, Biochemistry, Anatomy, and Embryology

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7. (A) Geologic Record 1.Earth is between 4.5 to 5 billion years old (age was determined by radioactive dating of rocks) 2.Fossils- are the remains of traces of organisms that no longer exist. Fossils have been preserved in ice, sedimentary rock, amber, and tar

8. Saccone PowerPoint 3. Other fossils have been formed from petrification, a process by which the tissues are gradually replaced by minerals that produce a stone replica of the original material 4. Imprints, casts, and molds of organisms or parts of organisms are frequently found in sedimentary rock 5. In undisturbed layers (strata) of sedimentary rock, the lower strata contain old fossils while the upper strata contain younger fossils

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13. Archaeopteryx

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15. Tyrranosaurus rex

16. Saccone PowerPoint (B) Comparative Anatomy 1.Evidence supports that similarities of basic structures exist between different organisms 2.Homologous structures are anatomical parts found in different organisms in origin and structure. 3.The presence of such homologous structures suggest that these organisms have evolved from a common ancestor

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18. (B) Comparative Anatomy Australopithicus afarensis Homo sapiens Pan troglodytes

19. Saccone PowerPoint How does the # of Giraffe “neck bones” compare to yours?

20. Saccone PowerPoint Comparative Anatomy

21. Saccone PowerPoint Comparative Anatomy

22. Saccone PowerPoint (C) Comparative Embryology Although certain adult organisms may be different from each other, a comparison of the earl stages of their embryonic development may show similarities that suggest a common ancestor

23. Saccone PowerPoint Comparative embryology

24. Saccone PowerPoint Comparative embryology

25. Saccone PowerPoint (D) Comparative Cytology 1.All living things are made up of cells 2.Cell organelles including the cell membrane, ribosome's, and mitochondria are structurally and functionally similar in most organisms

26. Saccone PowerPoint Mitochondrion DNA & Chloroplast DNA can replicate by themselves. Comparative Cytology

27. Saccone PowerPoint (E) Comparative Biochemistry All living things contain similar biochemical compounds Examples would include: structure and function of DNA, RNA, and proteins (including enzymes) are similar in all organisms

28. Saccone PowerPoint DNA Hybridization

29. Saccone PowerPoint DNA Hybridization

30. Saccone PowerPoint DNA Hybridization shows that the Red panda & the Giant Panda are related as a result of convergent evolution.

31. Saccone PowerPoint Industrial Melanism

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