2. Hayley’s Text Analysis

3. Text Types Narrative Report Recount Instructions Explanations Arguments

4. Narrative The social purpose of a Narrative is to tell an imaginary series of events to entertain, amuse or instruct the listener or reader.

5. Structure of a Narrative Orientation: Reader is introduced to individual characters in a particular setting, engaged in certain actions. Complication: A problem or tension arises. Resolution: Problem is resolved, though not necessarily happy as in many fairy tales.

6. Grammatical Features of a Narrative T emporal sequence. A ction verbs. N oun groups used in describing characters and settings.

7. Examples Fairy Tales. Mysteries. Science Fiction. Romances. Horror Stories.

8. Report The social purpose of a report is to classify or describe. A report provides precise information about a particular object, creature or phenomenon.

9. Structure of a Report Classification: A particular creature, object is classified in either a commonsense way or in a technical way. Description: Described from a technical point of view rather than from a personal or imaginative view.

10. Grammatical Features of a Report Technical terms. Nominal groups. Action verbs. Relational verbs. Nominalisation. Personal pronouns. Taxonomies. Present tense.

11. Examples Description of animals. Reports on countries. Factual reports.

12. Recount The social purpose of a recount is to retell past events, achievements or experiences, usually to inform others, entertain, instruct and reconstruct.

13. Structure of a Recount Orientation: Who or what the recount is about, together with info about when and where events have occurred. Series of Events: Tells us what happened by spelling out the sequence of events that took place over time. Re-orientation: Re-orientates the reader, bringing the text back into the present.

14. Grammatical Features of a Recount Verbs in past tense. Adverbial of time. Noun group. Technical language.

15. Examples Personal diary. Factual report. Postcards, letters and e-mails.

16. Instructions The social purpose of instructions is to provide clear and unambiguous directions that help the reader to perform a set of specific actions directed towards a specific outcome.

17. Structure of Instructions Title: Informs the reader of the goal. List of materials. Steps: Outlines the procedure which helps to accomplish a task. Additional suggestions: Not always provided. Visual aids: Diagrams for eg provide reader with a model of how the final product should look.

18. Grammatical Features of an Instruction Imperatives. Action verbs. Range of adverbials.

19. Examples Recipes. Instructional manuals. Craft books.

20. Explanations The social purpose of an explanation is to describe processes whereby phenomena work or reasons why they occur.

21. Structure of an Explanation Classification Stage: Names and classifies the creature, object or phenomenon. Descriptive Stage: Provides a series of descriptions about the creature, object or phenomena being reported upon.

22. Grammatical Features of an Explanation Relational verbs. Action verbs. Technical terminology. Taxonomies. Nominalisation. Adverbials of time.

23. Examples E xplaining - how. E xplaining - why.

24. Arguments The social purpose of an argument involves the writer evaluating issues, making judgements and persuading readers to consider the writers point of view.

25. Structure of an Argument Thesis: What attitude is on the issue. Brings out the main point of the argument. Series of arguments: Arguments which support the main point through further evidence (point and elaboration). Re-iteration: Brings the argument to a close.

26. Grammatical Features of an Argument Connectives. Conjunctions. Modals. Nominalisation. Variety of verbs. Present tense.

27. Examples Editorials. Debates. Formal letters. Lectures. Expostions. Advertisements.