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Multiples and Factors
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Multiples A multiple is formed by multiplying a given number by the counting numbers. The counting numbers are 1, 2, 3, 4, 5, 6, etc.
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Example: List the multiples of 4: 4 x 1 = 4 4 x 2 = 8 4 x 3 = 12 4 x 4 = 16 4 x 5 = 20 4 x 6 = 24 Counting Numbers So, the multiples of 4 are 4, 8, 12, 16, 20, 24, 28, etc.
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What are the first five multiples of 13? 13 x 1 =13 13 x 2 = 26 13 x 3 = 39 13 x 4 = 52 13 x 5 = 65 13, 26, 39, 52, 65
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Find the Missing Multiples 6, 12, 18, ____, ____ ___, 6, 9, 12, ____, ____, 21 ___, 24, 36, 48, 60, ____ 2430 3 1518 12 72
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MENTAL MATH Find the first 5 multiples of the following numbers a) 4 ____, _____, _____, _____, ____ b) 5 ____, _____, _____, _____, ____ c) 8 ____, _____, _____, _____, ____ d) 15 ____, _____, _____, _____, ____ e) 20 ____, _____, _____, _____, ____
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REMEMBER! Factors are the numbers you multiply together to get a product. For example, the product 24 has several factors. 24 = 1 x 24 24 = 2 x 12 24 = 3 x 8 24 = 4 x 6 The factors are 1, 2, 3, 4, 6, 8, 12, 24
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Decomposing Factors
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1. Factor Tree
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2. Break the numbers down into the prime factors that make them up.
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Step 1 Write the number you are going to break down 90 Step 2 Plot a vertical line at the right side of the number 90
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Step 3 Write the smallest prime that divides the number. Start with number 2 and continue with 3, 5 and son on. Half of 90 is 45 90 divided by 2 is 45 90 2 45
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Can you divide 45 by 2 with no remainder? 90 2 45 3 15 3 5 Continue with the next prime number that is 3.
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90 2 45 3 15 3 5 5 1 Continue with the next prime number that is 5. Step 4 Repeat the same procedure until the quotient is 1
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Let´s try together 120 2 Write the smallest prime that divides the number. Start with number 2. HALF OF 120
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Let´s try together 120 2 60 What is the smallest prime that divides 60?
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Let´s try together 120 2 60 2 30 What is the smallest prime that divides 30? HALF OF 30
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Let´s try together 120 2 60 2 30 2 15 What is the smallest prime that divides 15? HALF OF 15 WITH NO REMAINDER?
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Let´s try together 120 2 60 2 30 2 15 3 5 What is the smallest prime that divides 5? What is the next prime number?
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Let´s try together 120 2 60 2 30 2 15 3 5 5 1
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HOW DO YOU EXPRESS IT? 2 X 2 X 2 X 3 X 5 = 120 2 X 3 X 5
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HELP YOUR TEACHER!! 72
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60
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TIME TO PRACTICE
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Break the following numbers down 45 126 28
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Break the following numbers down 20 27 45
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