1. 2.1 - Structure IB Topics 2.1.1-2.1.7

2. Biotic and Abiotic Components Biotic  All living components of the ecosystem  Ex: Abiotic  All non-living components of the ecosystem  Ex:

3. Food Chains  The position an organism occupies in a food chain is called the trophic level.

4. Local Food Chain Example:

7. Food Webs  Ecosystems contain many interconnected food chains

9. Pyramid of Numbers  A graphical model of the number of organisms in a food chain

11. Pyramid of Biomass  A graphical model of the amount of biomass present in a food chain at a certain point in time

12. Pyramid of Productivity  A graphical model of the rate of energy production over time

13. Key Words (define and provide a local example of each)  Species  Population  Habitat  Niche  Community  Ecosystem  Parasitism  Mutualism  Predation  Herbivory

14. 2.2 – Measuring Abiotic Components IB Topics 2.2.1-2.2.2

15. Significant Abiotic Factors  Terrestrial Ecosystem  Marine Ecosystem  Freshwater Ecosystem

16. 2.3 – Measuring Biotic Components IB Topics 2.3.1-2.3.5

17. Estimating abundance of organisms  Counting the number of organisms is almost always done using an estimate

18. Lincoln Index  A mathematical model to estimate population size  Capture-mark- release-recapture

19. Example 1  13 deer were caught and marked  14 deer were caught the second time and 5 were marked Example 2  75 Ladybugs were caught and marked  80 Ladybugs were caught the second time and 3 were marked

20. Quadrats  A square of area used to measure the population of non-mobile organisms  Can help to calculate population density and percentage cover

21. Diversity 1. The number of different species 2. The number of individuals of each species

22. Simpson’s Diversity Index  Used to compare diversity between areas  High value of D implies stable ecosystem  Low value of D implies unstable ecosystem

23. 2.4 – Biomes IB Topics 2.4.1-2.4.2

24. Biomes  A collection of ecosystems that share similar climactic conditions

25. RainforestDesertTundraTemperate Forest Grassland Prevailing Climate Location Sun Exposure Precipitation Limiting Factors

26. RainforestDesertTundraTemperate Forest Grassland Prevailing Climate Hot, Humid, Rainy Hot, DryColdSeasonalVaried by location LocationNear Equator Varied, where no precip Poles40-60 o N Latitude Varied, where some precip Sun Exposure HighVaried, usually high LowMedium, Seasonal Varied PrecipitationHighNoneSnowMedium, Seasonal Low Limiting Factors Too much precip. Not enough water Too cold, permafrost SeasonsLow precip

27. 2.5 – Function IB Topics 2.5.1-2.5.7

28. Photosynthesis

29. Respiration

35. Gross Primary Productivity (GPP)  The amount of energy produced by producers

36. Net Primary Productivity (NPP)  The amount of energy stored by producers and available to consumers

37. Gross Secondary Productivity (GSP)  The amount of energy consumed by consumers

38. Net Secondary Productivity (NSP)  The amount of energy stored by consumers and available to the next trophic level