1. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production CMS Lannion Brittany

2. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production PASSIVE MICROWAVE PROTECTION Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr WMO / ITWG/ EUMETNET/ METEO-FRANCE

3. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

4. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

5. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Figure 5-2 Sensitivity of brightness temperature to geophysical parameters over ocean surface

6. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Sensitivity of brightness temperature to geophysical parameters over land surfaces

7. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

8. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production SECONDARY LOBE SHAPE

9. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Global composite of brightness temperature (K) from AMSU-A Channel 3

10. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production O 2 absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 60 GHz (multiple absorption lines) 55.22 GHz 50 55 60 65 70 Frequency (GHz) 200 100 0 PASSIVE SENSORS REQUIREMENTS IN O2 ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AROUND 60 GHz (U.S. standard atmosphère - Absorption model: Liebe 1993) Total oxygen absorption along a vertical path (dB) 55.78 GHz RESONANCE FREQUENCIES (GHz) 51.5034 52.0214 52.5424 53.0669 53.5957 54.1300 54.6712 55.2214 55.7838 56.2648 56.3634 56.9682 57.6125 58.3239 58.4466 59.1642 59.5910 60.3061 60.4348 61.1506 61.8002 62.4112 62.4863 62.9980 63.5685 64.1278 64.6789 65.2241 65.7648 66.3021 66.8368 67.3696 67.9009 52.6 GHz 50.2-50.4 GHz Excl. Shared 59.3 GHz

11. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Weigthing functions at 50 to 60 GhZ

12. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Global composite of brigthness temperature (K) measurements from AMSU-A Channel 9

13. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production SRD-MG n°4 Special meeting on Short-Range Radars ERO - Copenhagen, 1-2 April 2004 Source: CRAF – ESA - EUMETNET – EUMETSAT Subject: General concerns and position on implementation of UWB SRR in the 23.6 - 24 GHz band and modification proposals to the current draft report and ECC decision

14. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Proposal The CEPT Report on the way to "harmonise radio spectrum to facilitate a coordinated EU introduction of Automotive Short Range Radar systems" should favour an approach based on an immediate use of the 79 GHz and clearly indicate all concerns raised, among others, by the scientific and meteorological communities on the possible temporary implementation of SRR in the 24 GHz frequency band, hence proposing not to retain the "two phases approach" as a realistic and feasible solution.

15. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Water vapour absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 183 GHz

16. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production 180 185 190 GHz 175 O L 12365412345 6 183,31 195 The SAPHIR channels over the water vapor line Central Frequencies (GHz) 183,31 ± 0,20 183,31 ± 1,10 183,31 ± 2,70 183,31 ± 4,20 183,31 ± 6,60 183,31 ± 11,00

17. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Weigthing functions at 183 GhZ

18. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Global composite of brightness temperature (K) from AMSU-B Channel 3

19. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

20. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Required system temperatures for GOMAS  DeltaT IFOV SIZE 10-km pixels  57 GHz 0.4 GHz 0.2 K78 km 60 km 6 x 6144 ms1500 K 119 GHz 0.4 GHz 0.4 K37 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms2200 K 183 GHz 0.3 GHz 0.6 K24 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms2800 K 380 GHz 0.7 GHz 0.5 K12 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms3500 K 425 GHz 0.4 GHz 0.5 K10 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms2700 K 380 GHz 2 GHz 1.5 K12 km 10 km 16 ms5200 K 425 GHz 1 GHz 1.5 K10 km 16 ms3700 K Ts

21. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUPS February 2002 English only Draft Revision Of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.515-3 Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing (Question ITU-R 140/7 (1978-1990-1994- 1997-2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a)that environmental data relating to the Earth is of increasing importance;

22. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Frequency Band(s)(1) (GHz) Total BW required (MHz) Spectral Line(s) or Centre frequency (GHz) MeasurementScan mode N, L(4) 1.37-1.4s, 1.4-1.427P 1001.4 Soil moisture, ocean salinity, sea surface temperature, vegetation index N 2.64-2.655s, 2.655-2.69s, 2.69-2.7P 452.7 Ocean salinity, soil moisture, vegetation index N 4.2-4.4s, 4.950-4.990s 2004.3 Sea surface temperature N 6.425-7.25 2006.85 Sea surface temperature N 10.6-10.68p, 10.68-10.7P 10010.65 Rain rate, snow water content, ice morphology, sea state, ocean wind speed N Spectrum requirements for passive sensing of environmental data ITU draft REC. SA 515 Up to 1000 GhZ

23. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUPS February 2002 English only DRAFT REVISION oF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1028 ‑ 1 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING (Question ITU-R 140/7) (1994-1997-2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a)that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O 2 (oxygen) and H 2 O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote sensing ;

24. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Frequency Band(s) (1) (GHz) Total BW Required (MHz) Required  T e (K) Data avaibility (%) (7) Scan Mode (N,L) (4) 1.37-1.4s, 1.4-1.427P 1000.0599.9N 2.64-2.655s, 2.655-2.69s, 2.69-2.7P 450.199.9N 4.2-4.4s, 4.950-4.990 2000.3/0.05 (6) 99.9N 6.425-7.252000.3/0.05 (6) 99.9N 10.6-10.68p, 10.68-10.7P 1001.0/0.1 (6) 99.9N 15.2-15.35s, 15.35-15.4P 2000.199.9N 18.6-18.8p2001.0/0.1 (6) 95/99.9 (6) N 21.2-21.4p2000.2/0.05 (6) 99/99.9 (6) N 22.21-22.5p3000.4/0.05 (6) 99/99.9 (6) N 23.6-24.0P4000.0599.99N Spectrum requirements for passive sensing of environmental data ITU draft REC. SA 1028 Up to 1000 GhZ

25. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUPS February 2002 English only DRAFT REVISION of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1029 ‑ 1 PERMISSIBLE INTERFERENCE CRITERIA LEVELS FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING (Question ITU-R 140/7) (1994-1997-2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a)that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O 2 (oxygen) and H 2 O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote sensing;

26. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Data availability is the percentage of area or time for which accurate data is available for a specified sensor measurement area or sensor measurement time. For a 99.99% data availability, the measurement area is a square on the Earth of 2,000,000 km 2, unless otherwise justified; for a 99.9% data availability, the measurement area is a square on the Earth of 10,000,000 km 2 unless otherwise justified; for a 99% data availability the measurement time is 24 hours, unless otherwise justified DATA AVAILABILITY

27. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production WEB(s) sites fore more infos. http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/groups/frequency/ http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.html http://www.eumetnet.eu.org/ http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/ http://sfcgonline.org/

28. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Measurements in the 10.6 to 10.7 GHz band with the Effelsberg 100m radio telescope 1990 2000

29. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

30. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Some key problems to solve … To conclude what is needed above 275 GHz (central frequencies and bandwidths) To conclude about ‘Delta T ‘ tables between WMO and ITU proposals To conclude on % of data availability To archive emissivity pictures of the Earth in microwaves below 50 GHz.

31. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production 1)Support ITU-Recs 515, 1028 & 1029 2) Follow ITU rules (7C….WRC) 3) Cooperate as an international scientific working group for EESS (passive) needs BACKGROUND:

32. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production NEXTSTEPS : NEXT STEPS :  CEPT/FM 49  WSEAS 2004  SPIE 48  SFCG 24  ITU-R 7C  IGARSS’04  SPIE ASIA/PACIFIC n°4  ……

33. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Petition for Protection of 23.6 – 24 GHz & other microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing Common scientific position about the protection of microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/ http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/fichiers/petition.doc Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr

34. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Annex The remote sensing scientists and engineers listed below have endorsed the position set forth in this paper. Legal guidance in the U.S.A has advised that U.S.A government individuals are acting in their personal capacities and they are not endorsing the paper on behalf of any government agency or other organization with which they are affiliated. However, [most] of the other people below are also endorsing the position set forth in this paper on behalf of their agency or organization. Myoung-Hwan AHN (RSRL/METRI, Korea) Vassily ASMUS (Planeta, Russia) Sylvia BARLAG (Satellite, KNMI, Netherland) Peter BAUER (Satellite Section, ECMWF) etc...120 names today and 5 or 6 publications

35. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production