1. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production CMS Lannion Brittany

2. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production PASSIVE MICROWAVE PROTECTION Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr WMO / ITWG/ EUMETNET/ METEO-FRANCE

3. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

4. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

5. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Figure 5-2 Sensitivity of brightness temperature to geophysical parameters over ocean surface

6. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Sensitivity of brightness temperature to geophysical parameters over land surfaces

7. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

8. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production SECONDARY LOBE SHAPE

9. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Global composite of brightness temperature (K) from AMSU-A Channel 3

10. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production O 2 absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 60 GHz (multiple absorption lines) 55.22 GHz 50 55 60 65 70 Frequency (GHz) 200 100 0 PASSIVE SENSORS REQUIREMENTS IN O2 ABSORPTION SPECTRUM AROUND 60 GHz (U.S. standard atmosphère - Absorption model: Liebe 1993) Total oxygen absorption along a vertical path (dB) 55.78 GHz RESONANCE FREQUENCIES (GHz) 51.5034 52.0214 52.5424 53.0669 53.5957 54.1300 54.6712 55.2214 55.7838 56.2648 56.3634 56.9682 57.6125 58.3239 58.4466 59.1642 59.5910 60.3061 60.4348 61.1506 61.8002 62.4112 62.4863 62.9980 63.5685 64.1278 64.6789 65.2241 65.7648 66.3021 66.8368 67.3696 67.9009 52.6 GHz 50.2-50.4 GHz Excl. Shared 59.3 GHz

11. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Weigthing functions at 50 to 60 GhZ

12. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Global composite of brigthness temperature (K) measurements from AMSU-A Channel 9

13. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Water vapour absorption spectrum along a vertical path around 183 GHz

14. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production 180 185 190 GHz 175 O L 12365412345 6 183,31 195 The SAPHIR channels over the water vapor line Central Frequencies (GHz) 183,31 ± 0,20 183,31 ± 1,10 183,31 ± 2,70 183,31 ± 4,20 183,31 ± 6,60 183,31 ± 11,00

15. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Weigthing functions at 183 GhZ

16. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Global composite of brightness temperature (K) from AMSU-B Channel 3

17. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

18. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Required system temperatures for GOMAS  DeltaT IFOV SIZE 10-km pixels  57 GHz 0.4 GHz 0.2 K78 km 60 km 6 x 6144 ms1500 K 119 GHz 0.4 GHz 0.4 K37 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms2200 K 183 GHz 0.3 GHz 0.6 K24 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms2800 K 380 GHz 0.7 GHz 0.5 K12 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms3500 K 425 GHz 0.4 GHz 0.5 K10 km 30 km 3 x 372 ms2700 K 380 GHz 2 GHz 1.5 K12 km 10 km 16 ms5200 K 425 GHz 1 GHz 1.5 K10 km 16 ms3700 K Ts

19. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUPS February 2002 English only Draft Revision Of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.515-3 Frequency bands and bandwidths used for satellite passive sensing (Question ITU-R 140/7 (1978-1990-1994- 1997-2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a)that environmental data relating to the Earth is of increasing importance;

20. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUPS February 2002 English only DRAFT REVISION oF RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1028 ‑ 1 PERFORMANCE CRITERIA FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING (Question ITU-R 140/7) (1994-1997-2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a)that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O 2 (oxygen) and H 2 O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote sensing ;

21. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production INTERNATIONAL TELECOMMUNICATION UNION RADIOCOMMUNICATION STUDY GROUPS February 2002 English only DRAFT REVISION of RECOMMENDATION ITU-R SA.1029 ‑ 1 PERMISSIBLE INTERFERENCE CRITERIA LEVELS FOR SATELLITE PASSIVE REMOTE SENSING (Question ITU-R 140/7) (1994-1997-2002) The ITU Radiocommunication Assembly, considering a)that certain frequency bands, including some absorption bands of atmospheric gases (e.g., O 2 (oxygen) and H 2 O (water vapour) ), have been allocated for spaceborne passive microwave remote sensing;

22. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production WEB(s) sites fore more infos. http://cimss.ssec.wisc.edu/itwg/groups/frequency/ http://www.wmo.ch/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm http://www.itu.int/ITU-R/index.html http://www.eumetnet.eu.org/ http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/ http://sfcgonline.org/

23. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Some key problems to solve … To conclude what is needed above 275 GHz (central frequencies and bandwidths) To conclude about ‘Delta T ‘ tables between WMO and ITU proposals To conclude on % of data availability To archive emissivity pictures of the Earth in microwaves below 50 GHz.

24. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production 1)Support ITU-Recs 515, 1028 & 1029 2) Follow ITU rules (7C….WRC) 3) Cooperate as an international scientific working group for EESS (passive) needs BACKGROUND:

25. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production NEXTSTEPS : NEXT STEPS :  SPIE MEETINGS  IGARSS’ MEETINGS  ITWG MEETINGS  SFCG  ITU-R 7C  WMO FREQUENCY GROUP

26. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production Petition for Protection of 23.6 – 24 GHz & other microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing Common scientific position about the protection of microwave bands for Passive Environmental Remote Sensing http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/ http://guy.rochard.free.fr/meteo/fichiers/petition.doc Guy.Rochard@meteo.fr

27. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production It’s time to push more the EESS community to express and justify clearly the needs. The people contacted for « the petition » could, with other experts sharing the same views, become a working group by correspondance. However, to restart the work, a meeting in USA next spring will put those people together an really restart to work and conclude a report before WRC 07.

28. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production SFCG ACTION ITEM No. 24-3-1 SUBJECT: Update of EESS Passive Band Requirements ACTION TO BE TAKEN: 1.) The responsible person and contributors will work together to convene a workshop with passive remote sensing scientists and remote sensing spectrum managers in the spring of 2005 in order to reach agreement on the frequency bands and required radiometer sensitivities 2.)SFCG members are to take the results of the workshop and provide the updated requirements for spaceborne passive sensors, along with accompanying scientific justification and technical feasibility, and input them to SFCG-25 RESPONSIBLE PERSON: Guy Rochard (ITWG) CONTRIBUTORS: D. McGinnis (NOAA) K. Maeda (JAXA) J. Zuzek (NASA) E. Marelli (ESA) M.Dreis (EUMETSAT), R.Wolf (EUMETSAT) M.Vasiliev (RASA) Z.Sun (CMA) DUE DATE: Workshop middle of spring 2005 and inputs to SFCG by august 2005.

29. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production

30. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production http://www.wmo.int/web/www/TEM/SG-RFC/Handbook.htm  Chapter 5, second part So we have to also consider :  REC 577-5 and REC 1166  Then extend SFCG

31. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production SAR Altimeter Scatterometer Precipitation radars Cloud profile radars Viewing geometrySide-looking at 10-55 deg off nadir Nadir- looking 1) Six fan beams in azimuth 2) Two conically scanning beams Nadir-looking Footprint/dynamics1) Fixed to one side 2) ScanSAR Fixed at nadir1) Fixed in azimuth 2) Scanning Scanning across nadir track Fixed at nadir Antenna beamFan beamPencil beam1) Fan beams 2) Pencil beams Pencil beam Radiated peak power1500-8000 W20 W100-5000 W600 W1000-1500 W WaveformLinear FM pulses Interrupted CW or Short Pulses Short pulses Bandwidth20-300 MHz320 MHz5 - 80 kHz14 MHz300 kHz Duty Factor1-5 %46 %31 %0.9 %1-14 % Service AreaLand/coastal/OceanOcean/IceOcean/Ice/LandLand/Ocean EESS (active)

32. Centre de Météorologie Spatiale CORF 08/04/2004 Direction de la Production