1. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 1 Browser Basics Introduction to the Web and Web Browser Software Tutorial 1

2. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 2 Objectives Learn about the Internet and the World Wide Web. Learn how Web browser software displays Web pages. Learn how Web page addresses are constructed. Become familiar with the main functions common to all Web browsers.

3. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 3 Objectives Configure and use the Microsoft Internet Explorer Web browser to navigate the Web. Save and organize Web addresses using Internet Explorer. Save Web page text and graphics using Internet Explorer.

4. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 4 Objectives Configure and use the Mozilla Firefox Web browser to navigate the Web. Save and organize Web addresses using Mozilla Firefox. Save Web page text and graphics using Mozilla Firefox.

5. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 5 The Internet Computers connected to each other form a network. LAN (local area network): Networked computers physically near each other. WAN (wide area network): Networked computers not near each other.

6. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 6 The Internet internet: networks connected to each other Internet: a specific internet that connects computers all over the world using a common set of interconnection standards. World Wide Web (WWW): a subset of the computers on the Internet that use software to make their contents easily accessible to each other.

7. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 7 The World Wide Web Web servers: Computers connected to the Internet that contain files their owners have made available publicly through their Internet connections. When you use your Internet connection to become part of the Web, your computer becomes a Web client in a worldwide client/server network. Web browser: software that you run on your computer to make it work as a Web client.

8. Client/Server Structure of the World Wide Web New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 8

9. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 9 Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia Hypertext Markup Language (HTML): standard language used on the Web to format documents. HTML uses codes (tags) to tell the Web browser software how to display text. HTML document: a text file that contains HTML tags. When a Web browser displays an HTML document, it is referred to as a Web page.

10. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 10 Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia HTML anchor tag: enables Web designers to link HTML documents to each other. Hypertext links: can connect HTML documents together; can also connect one part of HTML document to another part. Hypermedia links: hyperlinks that connect to computer files that contain pictures, graphics, and media objects such as sound and video clips.

11. Hypertext, Links, and Hypermedia New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 11

12. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 12 Web Site Organization Web site: a collection of linked Web pages with a common theme or focus. Home page  the main page for a particular Web site.  the first page that opens when you start your Web browser; sometimes called start page.  the Web page that a Web browser loads the first time you use it; also sometimes called start page.

13. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 13 Addresses on the Web Internet Protocol Address (IP): unique id number given to each computer on the Web. Domain name: unique name associated with specific IP address by a program that runs on an Internet host computer. Domain Name Software (DNS): coordinates IP addresses and domain names for all computers attached to it. Domain name server: the host computer that runs DNS software. The last part of domain name is called its top-level domain (TLD).

14. Common Top Level Domains (TLDs) New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 14

15. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 15 Uniform Resource Locators Four-part addressing scheme tells the Web browser: Transfer protocol to use when transporting the file. Domain name of computer on which file resides. Pathname of folder or directory on computer on which file resides. Name of the file.

16. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 16 Uniform Resource Locators Structure of a Uniform Resource Locator (URL)

17. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 17 Main Elements of Web Browsers Title Bar Scroll Bars Status Bar Menu Bar Page Tab Home Button

18. Main Elements of the Internet Explorer Program Window New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 18

19. Main Elements of the Firefox Program Window New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 19

20. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 20 Finding Information on the Web Using Search Engines & Web Directories Web Search Engines: Web pages that conduct searches of the Web to find words or expressions you enter. Web Directory: a Web page that contains a list of Web page categories like education or recreation. Can narrow the results returned for a particular search. Web directory editors categorize the Web pages.

21. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 21 Returning to Web Pages Previously Visited Using favorites and bookmarks  Internet Explorer - save the URL of a site you would like to revisit as a favorite in the Favorites folder.  Firefox - use a bookmark to save the URL of a specific page so you can return to it. Using the History List  Back button  Forward button

22. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 22 Returning to Web Pages Previously Visited Cookie  A small file that a Web server writes to the disk of the client computer.  Can contain information about the user such as login names and passwords.  Assists in performing functions such as automatic login.  User is often unaware that the files are being written to the computer’s disk drive.

23. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 23 Reloading a Web Page and Stopping a Web Page Transfer The browser stores a copy of every Web page it displays on your computer’s hard drive in a cache folder. Use the Refresh button in IE or the Reload button in Firefox to load the same Web page that appears in the browser window again. Use the Stop button to halt the Web page transfer from the server.

24. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 24 Printing and Saving Web Pages You can use a Web browser to print a Web page. You can save copies of most Web pages as files that you can store on your computer’s hard disk, floppy disk, etc. Some Web pages are written to make copying and saving difficult or impossible.

25. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 25 Examining Additional Web Browser Choices Other Internet browsers began to make a dent in Microsoft’s dominant position in 2004. Security flaws in Internet Explorer were increasingly exploited by virus and worm writers. Organizations and individuals began to doubt reliability of a single browser.

26. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 26 Mozilla Project Mosaic  One of the first Web browsers  Developed in 1990s Netscape Navigator  First commercially successful Web browser  Created by Mosaic developers  Originally called “Mozilla,” short for “Mosaic killer”

27. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 27 Mozilla Project Mozilla project  Started in 1999 after Netscape Navigator was turned over to a non-profit organization  They rebuilt the browser rendering engine (the internal workings of the browser) Gecko engine: browser rendering engine used in Netscape Navigator, the Mozilla browser and Mozilla Firefox.

28. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 28 Mozilla Suite A combination of software applications developed by the Mozilla open source project.  Web browser  E-mail client and newsreader – Mozilla Messenger  HTML editor – Mozilla Composer  Instant messaging chat client – ChatZilla Time Warner’s AOL division distributes most of the Mozilla Suite as Netscape Navigator.

29. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 29 Browsers for Hire: Opera and iRider Internet Explorer, Navigator, Mozilla, and Firefox are all available at no cost. Some browsers, such as Opera and iRider, charge a license fee

30. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 30 Opera Started out as research project at Telenor, Norway’s state telecommunication company. Program code written independently and is not affected by security flaws exploited by those attacking Gecko-based browsers or IE. Free version available supported by advertising.

31. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 31 Opera First Web browser to offer:  tabbed browsing  button to toggle on and off the download of images with a Web page  a search window that the user could configure to run searches in specific search engines automatically.

32. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 32 Opera for Mobile Gives mobile device users a fully functional Web browser. Users can view any Web site (not just those designed to display on mobile devices) using a mobile phone, PDA, or similar device.

33. Opera Web Browser Main Screen New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 33

34. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 34 iRider Designed for power users. Can view thumbnail images of multiple open Web pages displayed in a hierarchical map called a Page List. Keeps all open Web pages in memory until the user deletes them. User can run several searches simultaneously and compare the results. Users can select multiple links on a page and iRider downloads the pages simultaneously.

35. Multiple Searches in the iRider Web Browser Hierarchy of thumbnail images (one for each Web page visited). New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 35

36. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 36 Reproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law Copyright: Legal right of the author or other owner of an original work to control reproduction, distribution and sale of that work. Laws govern the use of photocopies, audio or video recordings, and other reproductions of authors’ original work. Comes into existence as soon as the work is placed into tangible form. Exists even if the work does not contain a copyright notice.

37. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 37 Reproducing Web Pages and Copyright Law Fair use is a provision that allows students to use limited amounts of copyrighted information in term papers and other reports in an academic setting. Source must always be cited. Commercial use of copyright more restricted. Obtain permission from copyright holder before using anything you copy from a Web page.

38. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 38 Starting Microsoft Internet Explorer Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs, click Internet Explorer. The Standard Buttons toolbar has a number of buttons that execute frequently used commands for browsing.

39. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 39 Starting Microsoft Internet Explorer The status bar at the bottom of the window includes several panels that give you information about Internet Explorer’s operations.  Transfer progress report & graphical transfer progress indicator  Security zone

40. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 40 Entering a URL in the Address Bar (IE) Click at end of current text in the Address bar, then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text from the displayed URL. Type the URL of the location that you want to go. Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page in the browser window.

41. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 41 Hyperlink Navigation Using the Mouse (IE) The easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:  Click the hyperlink  After the new Web page has loaded, right-click the Web page’s background  Click Back on the shortcut menu

42. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 42 Creating a Favorite for a Web Site The Favorites List lets you store and organize a list of Web pages that you have visited so you can return to them easily. You can create folders to store your favorites in. You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical structure even after you have stored them.

43. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 43 Creating a Favorite for a Web Site Creating a Favorites Folder:  Click the Favorites button on the Standard Buttons toolbar.  Click the Add button in the Favorites bar (or click Favorites on the menu bar, and then click Add to Favorites).  If necessary, click the Create in button.  Click the Favorites folder, and then click the New Folder button.  Type the name of the new folder in the Folder name text box, and then click the OK button.  Click the OK button.

44. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 44 Creating a Favorite for a Web Site Move an Existing Favorite into a New Folder:  Click Favorites on the menu bar, and then click Organize Favorites, or click the Organize button in the Favorites bar.  Click the folder under which you want to add the new folder.  Click the Create Folder button.  Type the name of the new folder, and then press the Enter key.  Click the Close button.

45. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 45 Returning to Previously Viewed Web Pages (IE) The Back and Forward buttons on the Standard Buttons toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the shortcut menu enable you to move to and from previously visited pages. To see where you have been during a session, open the history list by clicking the History button on the Standards Buttons toolbar. The Refresh button on the Standard Buttons toolbar loads a new copy of the Web page that currently appears in the browser window. The Home button on the Standard Buttons toolbar displays the home (or start) page for your copy of Internet Explorer.

46. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 46 Printing a Web Page (IE) The Print button on the Standard Buttons toolbar and the Print command on the File menu let you print the current Web frame or page. When printing long Web pages, a print option that is extremely useful for saving paper is to reduce the font size of the Web pages before you print them. To preview pages before they print them. Select Print Preview from the File menu.

47. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 47 Checking Web Page Security (IE) A closed padlock symbol (security indicator button) appears in the status bar when Internet Explorer loads an encrypted Web page. Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet will be able to decode and read the page’s contents. To check some of the security elements of a Web page,  double-click the security indicator button  click File, Properties, and then click the Certificates button

48. Getting Help in Internet Explorer New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 48

49. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 49 Using Internet Explorer to Save a Web Page You can save entire Web pages, selected portions of Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web page to a disk. You can save portions of Web page text so you can use it in other programs. You can save a graphic from a Web page by right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save Picture As.

50. Starting Mozilla Firefox Click Start button on the taskbar, point to All Programs, point to Mozilla, and then click Firefox. New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 50

51. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 51 Using the Navigation Toolbar (Firefox) The Navigation toolbar includes buttons that execute frequently used commands for browsing the Web. You can use the Location bar to enter URLs directly into Firefox. The Navigation toolbar has a search bar that allows users to type a search term that Firefox sends to the user’s choice of search engines and Web directories.

52. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 52 Using the Navigation Toolbar (Firefox) Firefox Navigation Toolbar

53. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 53 Using the Location Bar (Firefox) Click at end of current text in the Location field, then delete any unnecessary or unwanted text from the displayed URL. Type the URL of the location that you want to go. Press the Enter key to load the URL’s Web page in the browser window.

54. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 54 Hyperlink Navigation Using the Mouse (Firefox) The easiest way to move from one Web page to another is to use the mouse to click hyperlinks:  Click the hyperlink  After the new Web page has loaded, right- click the Web page’s background  Click Back on the shortcut menu

55. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 55 Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site You use the bookmark feature to store and organize a list of Web pages that you have visited so that you can return to them easily. You can create folders to store your bookmarks in. You can easily organize your folders in a hierarchical structure. You can save your bookmark file on a disk so you can use your bookmarks at another computer.

56. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 56 Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site Creating a Bookmarks Folder:  Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click Manage Bookmarks.  Click the New Folder button with Bookmarks in the left pane of the Bookmarks Manager window highlighted.  Delete the default text in the Name text box, and then type a new folder name.  Click the OK button.

57. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 57 Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site Saving a Bookmark in a Bookmarks Folder:  Open the page that you want to bookmark in Firefox.  Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click Bookmark This Page.  Type a descriptive name in the box.  Select the folder in which you want to save the bookmark.  Click the OK button.

58. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 58 Creating a Bookmark for a Web Site Saving a Bookmark File to a Disk:  Click Bookmarks on the menu bar, and then click Manage Bookmarks.  Click File on the menu bar, and then click Export.  Select the drive and folder into which you want to save the bookmark file.  Type a name for the bookmark file.  Click the Save button.

59. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 59 Returning to Pages Previously Visited (Firefox) The Back and Forward buttons on the Navigation toolbar and the Back and Forward options on the shortcut menu enable you to move to and from recently visited pages. To see where you have been during a session, open the history list by clicking the Go on the menu bar, and then clicking History. The Reload button on the Navigation toolbar loads a new copy of the Web page that currently appears in the browser window. The Home button on the Navigation toolbar displays the home (or start) page for your copy of Firefox.

60. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 60 Printing a Web Page (Firefox) The Print command on the File menu lets you print the current Web frame or page. When printing long Web pages, a print option that is extremely useful for saving paper is the Scale option. To preview pages before they print them. Select Print Preview from the File menu.

61. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 61 Checking Web Page Security (Firefox) A closed padlock symbol (the security indicator button) appears in the status bar when Firefox loads an encrypted Web page. Encryption is a way of scrambling and encoding data transmissions that reduces the risk that a person who intercepts the Web page as it travels across the Internet will be able to decode and read the page’s contents. To check some of the security elements of a Web page,  double-click the security indicator button  click Tools, Page Info, and then click the Security tab

62. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 62 Managing Cookies (Firefox) Firefox stores all cookies in one file and gives users a tool to manage that file. Click Tools on the menu bar, click Options, click the plus sign next to Cookies. Click the View Cookies button to view individual cookies. Select a cookie, and then click the Remove Cookie button to delete it. To delete all cookies that have been stored on your computer, click the Remove All Cookies button.

63. Getting Help in Firefox New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 63

64. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 64 Using Firefox to Save a Web Page You can store entire Web pages, selected portions of Web page text, or particular graphics from a Web page to a disk. You can save portions of Web page text so you can use it in other programs. You can save a graphic from a Web page by right-clicking on the picture and clicking Save Image As.

65. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 65 Summary Web pages and Web sites make up the World Wide Web. The Web uses a client/server structure in which Web server computers make Web page files available to Web client computers that are running Web browser software. Each server computer on the Internet has an IP address that is mapped to a domain name. The domain name plus the Web page filename make up the Uniform Resource Locator (URL).

66. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 66 Summary All Web browsers have the same basic elements and can be used to explore the Web in similar ways. Web browsers display Web pages and maintain a history list that can be used to find pages previously visited. Web browsers allow users to print and save Web pages and elements of Web pages. Web browsers are currently available at no or low cost.

67. XP New Perspectives on The Internet, Sixth Edition— Comprehensive Tutorial 1 67 Summary The two most widely used Web browsers are  Internet Explorer  Firefox