1. Dr. Zahoor 1

2.  Functional Anatomy  RQ  Barometric/Intra-Alveolar/Intra-Pleural Pressure  Transmural or Transpulmonary Pressure  Pneumothorax, Pleurity, Pleural Effusion  Muscles of Inspiration/Expiration  Airway Resistance  Obstructive Lung Disease  Lung Volume  Lung Capacities  FEV1, FVC, FEV1%  FEV1 Importance in Obstructive Lung Disease  Pulmonary & Alveolar Ventilation  V/Q Ratio [Ventilation/Perfusion Ratio]

3. Q.1 What is External Respiration? Q2. What is Internal Respiration [cellular respiration]? Q3. What is RQ? What is its significance? 3

4. Q4. What are non-respiratory functions of the respiratory system? Q5. Where does the gas exchange take place? Q6. What is Respiratory Membrane? 4

5. Q7. What is - Barometric Pressure - Intra-Alveolar Pressure - Intra Pleural Pressure Q8. Draw the curve showing Intra-Alveolar/Intra- Pleural Pressure during normal quiet inspiration and expiration. Q9. What is Transmural or Transpulmonary Pressure? What is its importance? 5

6. Q10. What is Surfactant? What is its function? Q11. What will happen to lungs if there is Pneumothorax? Give reasons for your answer. Q12. Write Active Process/Passive Process and why do you say so?  Normal Inspiration  Normal Expiration 6

7. Q13.What are the muscles of Forced Inspiration [Accessory Muscles]? Q14. What are the muscles of Forced Expiration [Accessory Muscles of Expiration]? Q15. If phrenic nerve is injured due to cervical cord injury, what will happen to Respiration? 7

8. Q16. What is effect of Sympathetic and Parasympathetic ANS on airways [bronchioles]? Q17. What diseases are called COPD? Q18. In Obstructing disease, there will be more difficulty in Inspiration or Expiration? 8

9. Q19. Define Tidal Volume. Q20. Define IRV, ERV, and RV. Q21. Define VC, IC, FRC, and TLC. Q22. What is FEV1? What is its importance? 9

10. Q23. Define Pulmonary Ventilation? Q24. If TV is 500ml and respiratory rate is 12/min. What is the Pulmonary Ventilation? Q25. If TV is 500ml, Anatomical dead space is 150ml, and respiratory rate is 12/min. What is the Alveolar Ventilation? 10

11. Q26. What is Physiological Dead Space? Q27. Perfusion is more at Apex or Base of Lungs? Q28. V/Q Ratio is more at Apex or Base of Lungs? 11

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