1. Chapter 23 Southern Africa
7th Grade Social Studies

2. Vocabulary
Enclaves- Countries surrounded or almost surrounded by another country
The Veld- (VELT) Open grasslands areas of South Africa
Pans- Low, flat, desert areas of southern Africa into which ancient streams drained

3. Section 1: Physical Geography
CHAPTER 23
Southern Africa
Section 1: Physical Geography
Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture
Section 3: South Africa Today
Section 4: Other Southern African Countries

4. Relative location
The relative location of Southern Africa is that it lies on the southern 1/3 of the African continent with the Atlantic to the west and the Indian Ocean to the east.

5. Section 1: Physical Geography
Drakensberg
Inyanga Mts.
Cape of Good Hope
Kalahari Desert
Namib Desert
Orange River
Aughrabies Falls
Limpopo River x

6. Why Study Africa?
The region is rich in minerals, many of which are imported to the U.S.
Many Americans have ancestors from this region.
Some of the countries of southern Africa are struggling to improve relationships among different racial and ethnic groups.

7. Why Study Africa (cont.)
Many Americans travel to the region to see wildlife in their natural habitat.
Art of the region is unique and in demand throughout the world.

8. Main Ideas
The major landforms of southern Africa are: the Large plateau, the Drakensberg, the Inyanga Mts., and the veld are the major landforms of southern Africa.
The location and resources of the region attracted people from all parts of the world.

9. Main Idea (cont.)
The main natural resources of the region are gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, and iron ore.
Petroleum is not itself a mineral resource but is refined from oil
Swaziland and Lesotho are enclaves: these are countries that are completely surrounded by another country

10. Main Idea (cont.)
The Drakensberg forces moisture from the Indian Ocean upward and causes the eastern slopes to be rainy, while climates are drier farther inland.

11. Namib Desert Highest dune in the world
The crests of the dunes marked by the wind,
can actually alter the direction of the wind.
Satellite photo

12. SOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
SECTION 1
Physical Geography
SOUTHERN AFRICA’S PHYSICAL GEOGRAPHY
BODIES OF WATER
COUNTRIES
LANDFORMS
CLIMATES
RESOURCES
South Africa, Namibia, Botswana, Zimbabwe, Mozambique, Madagascar, Swaziland, and Lesotho
large plateau, the veld, the Drakensberg, Inyanga Mountains, Kalahari Desert, and Namib Desert
desert, semi-arid, steppe, savanna, Mediterranean
Orange River, Aughrabies Falls,
Limpopo River
gold, diamonds, platinum, copper, uranium, coal, and iron ore

13. Section 2: Southern Africa’s History and Culture

14. Main Ideas – Section 2
Apartheid was a system of racial segregation which limited power to whites. Not a struggle between Colored and Asians

15. Nelson Mandela Violence in South Africa (Mandela and Apartheid Part 1) 15min.12sec. DISCOVER VIDEO
Man of the Year

16. Vocabulary
Boers- Afrikaner frontier farmers, white descendents of South Africa’s original European colonists

17. Main Ideas – Section 2
The Bantu affected the history of Southern Africa by establishing Bantu languages there and they are thought to have introduced iron tools and cattle herding.

18. Main Idea (Section 2 cont.)
Archaeologist believe Chinese porcelain came to Great Zimbabwe through an Indian Ocean trade network.

19. SECTION 2 Southern Africa’s History and Culture GROUP HOW, WHEN, WHERE
CULTURAL CHANGES
hunter-gatherers, 18,000 B.C., throughout mainland
Khoisan language family, rock paintings
Khoisan
spread from central Africa, 1,500–2,000 years ago, southern Africa
Bantu language family, use of iron, cattle herding
Bantu
built an empire, A.D. 1000, Zimbabwe and Mozambique
farmed, raised cattle, traded gold
Shona
sailors and traders, A.D. 1100, east coast
adopted Islam and Arab customs, traded with East Asia
Swahili
settled on island, A.D. 700, Madagascar
Asian and African influences, language related to Indonesia
Asians
Portuguese
traders, early 1500s, Mozambique
set up forts, slave use and trade

20. Section 3: South Africa Today

21. Vocabulary
Apartheid- The South African government policy of separation of races, which began to disappear in the 1980s NOT Coloreds vs. Asians
Townships- Special areas of crowded clusters of tiny homes for black South Africans living outside cities
Sanctions- An economic or political penalty, such as an embargo, used by one or more countries to force another country to cease an illegal or immoral act

22. Main Idea (Section 3 cont.)
People around the world protested by banning trade with South Africa, refusing to invest money in South Africa, refusing South Africa’s admission to meetings and competitions.
Afrikaners are the white descendants of Dutch colonists.

23. Main Idea – (Section 3 cont.)
Challenges that remain for South Africa include lack of equal education and economic opportunities for all races, increased crime rate, and an AIDS epidemic. The #1 Problem

24. SOUTH AFRICA’S ECONOMY
SECTION 3
South Africa Today
SOUTH AFRICA’S ECONOMY
Resources
Industries
Concerns
coal, hydroelectric power, uranium, gold, diamonds, copper, platinum, iron ore, and chromium
computers, cars, televisions, and other products needed for modern life
better working conditions for black workers and farmers, most mineral wealth and industries still owned by whites

25. Strike: A South African Boy
19:46

26. Section 4: Other Southern African Countries

27. Vocabulary
Organization of African Unity (OAU) An organization, founded in 1963, that tries to promote cooperation among African countries

28. Main Ideas
Diseases affect the people and economy in Zimbabwe because they threaten to kill thousands and leave many orphans, and make economic growth harder.
Civil war in Mozambique slowed economic development.

29. Main Idea – (Section 4 cont.)
Namibia has diamonds, copper, lead, zinc, uranium. They provide money through mining and the sale of minerals.
Google Earth

30. Other Southern African Countries
SECTION 4
Other Southern African Countries
MADAGASCAR’S HISTORY
period of democracy
1800s
early 1990s
1996
French colony
rule of socialist dictator ends
former dictator voted back into power

31. Chapter Wrap-Up CHAPTER 26
1. What are southern Africa’s two deserts like?
2. What made it possible for early southern Africans to trade with Asians?
3. What did the original Bantu migrants bring to southern Africa?
4. How have mineral resources affected South Africa?
5. What three racial groups were defined and separated by apartheid? Which group made up the majority of the population?

32. Review
Jeopardy