1. Human ObstaclesPhysical Obstacles

2. How can we measure a countries levels of development? 1. Define poverty2. Spearman’s - what is the link between GDP and HDI?

3. Physical Quality of Life Index (PQLI) Infant mortality, life expectancy at one year, and basic literacy on a scale of 1-100. Stems from arguments that GNP is flawed as it ignores the distributions of incomes and general well being. Purchasing Power Parity (PPP) – Amount of money needed to buy the same goods or services in two countries – allows comparison.

4. Using HDI and PQLI Real poverty has fallen more in the last 50 years than in the last 500. Since 1960: Death rates have halved. Numbers of children in primary education risen by a quarter. Malnutrition has decreased by a third. BUT: 1/5 th of the developing world still live in poverty. 1/5 th do not complete primary school. 840 million starving. 1.5 million no access to drinking water. AIDS/HIV pandemic continues.

5. HDI by country

6. Describe the geographical distribution of poverty, identify trends and suggest reasons.

7. The Poverty Cycle 1. Use the information to create a poverty cycle loop. 2. How do you think we can break the chain? 3. The MDGs – what are they – which do you consider to be the most important and why?The MDGs

8. Some criticisms Promised international support has not bee forthcoming. Commitments – Monterrey 2002 and Gleneagles 2005 have not reached Africa. The project cannot be sustainable without trade.