1. Islam and Muslim Civilizations Later World Civilizations

2. The Beginnings of Islam Most major world religions began with the teachings of one person –Judaism – Abraham –Christianity – Jesus –Islam - Muhammad

3. The Life of Prophet Muhammad Muhammad was worried about the Arabian people –People were more concerned with making money than caring for one another –Worshipped many gods Muhammad claimed an angel appeared to him and insisted he recite words that were written on a scroll –Part of the Quran

4. The Life of Prophet Muhammad In Muhammad’s time only a few people believed his words –Those that believed him became known as Muslim (followers of Islam) –People were giving their first loyalty to the ideals of Islam rather than to blood ties Muhammad did not realize he was founding a new religion –Islam and Christianity is very similar

5. Muhammad’s Ideals Concerned about helping others –In the Quran men and women are equally responsible before Allah –Women could divorce and inherit property Concerned about peace –Tried to end warfare by going on a hajj or pilgrimage to Makkah –People were impressed with the push for peace so they converted to Islam

6. The Spread of Islam Caliphs – were not prophets but guided the community in Muslim beliefs –Shiite Believed that only Muhammad’s descendants should rule –Sunni Follow the way of Muhammad Make up the majority of Muslims around the world

7. EMPIRES AND LEGACIES Islam and Muslim Civilizations

8. Dynasties and Crusades Christians nations of Europe began a series of crusades against the Turks –Basically they wanted to regain control of holy sites that the Muslims had “taken” Saladin –Invaded Jerusalem but allowed Christian worship to continue Cairo became the center of Islam

9. Islamic Science and Art Astronomy and Astrology Medicinal knowledge came from Persian Christians and Jewish Physicians –First to learn that blood flowed to and from the heart “House of Wisdom” –Muslim and Christian Scholars translated scientific and literary works from Greek into Arabic

10. Islamic Science and Art Mathematics –Algebra Astrolabe – helped sailors figure out their position at sea –Discovered the earth was round Calligraphy – since Islam forbids images in worship, calligraphy is used to decorate Writing –The Arabian Nights