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Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level

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Presentation on theme: "Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level"— Presentation transcript:

1 Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level
ClickBiology Cambridge IGCSE Biology Extended Level Cells

2 You should be able to: Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.

3 A section through a liver cell (animal cell):
cell membrane nucleus controls what enters and leaves the cell contains the DNA and so controls the cell cytoplasm DNA metabolic (chemical) reactions occur here contains the coded instructions to make proteins

4 Section through a palisade cell of a leaf (plant cell)
chloroplast cell membrane Site of photosynthesis large sap vacuole nucleus Storage of nutrients and waste products. cellulose cell wall cytoplasm Provides protections and support for cell

5 You should be able to: Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.

6 Comparing animal and plant cells
Found in both animal and plant cells Found only in plant cells cell membrane cellulose cell wall nucleus large sap vacuole cytoplasm chloroplast

7 You should be able to: Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.

8 Red blood cells transport oxygen
cytoplasm contains no nucleus cell surface membrane allows more room for haemoglobin cytoplasm contains haemoglobin haemoglobin is a protein which carries the oxygen molecules bi-concave disc shape increases surface area over which absorption of oxygen can occur

9 Muscle cells contract and enable movement of the body
Muscle cells have many nuclei nucleus cell surface membrane protein strands The strands of protein slide over each other making the muscle cell (fibre) shorter and causing the muscle to contract

10 Ciliated cells move bacteria and dust away from the lungs
Cilia are small extensions of the cell. They beat rhythmically to sweep mucus, which has trapped bacteria and dust, away from the lungs nucleus magnification X3000

11 Xylem vessels transport water and minerals up the plant
xylem vessels are continuous tubes xylem vessel no cytoplasm hollow: allows for continuous flow of water and dissolved mineral ions lignin water-proof and strong; helps support the plant longitudinal section cross-section

12 Root hair cells absorb minerals and water from the soil
Cross-section of a root hair cell cell membrane semi-permeable, so will allow water and mineral ions into the cell cytoplasm contains no chloroplasts as no photosynthesis is needed root hair cell increases surface area for absorption of water and mineral ions

13 You should be able to: Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples.

14 A tissue is a group of cell of similar structure that form a shared function
upper epidermal tissue palisade mesophyll spongy mesophyll tissue lower epidermal Tissues found in the leaf Cross-section of a leaf Animal tissues: muscle tissue nervous tissue

15 An organ is a structure made of a group of tissues working together to perform specific functions
heart lungs liver stomach brain kidneys Plant organs include the stem and the leaves

16 An organ system is a group of organs that coordinate to perform related functions
lymphatic system digestive system reproductive system skeletal system endocrine system respiratory system excretory system muscular system nervous system circulatory system In plants the shoot is an organ system consisting of leaves and the stem

17 Levels of organisation
systems cell tissue organ organism nerve cell nervous tissue brain nervous system Homo sapiens smallest largest

18 Now you should be able to:
Identify and describe the structure of plant cells and animal cells, and describe the functions of their parts. Describe the difference between animal cells and plant cells. Explain the structure and function of specialised cells: red blood cell, muscle cells, ciliated cells, xylem vessels and root hair cells. Define the terms tissue, organ and organ systems, with examples. Now you should be able to Explain why many animals have a heart and circulation (a mass transport system) And Explain the importance of water as a solvent in transport, including its dipole nature.

19 Now write down everything you remember
Don’t refer to your text book straight away, see what information you have retained. Check the notes you have made by re-watching the video or checking your book

20 Cambridge IGCSE Biology
ClickBiology


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