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Protein Synthesis Computer Filename: Protsyna.ppt

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Presentation on theme: "Protein Synthesis Computer Filename: Protsyna.ppt"— Presentation transcript:

1 Protein Synthesis Computer Filename: Protsyna.ppt
Material for Introductory Microbiology

2 Overview Genes are composed of DNA within the chromosome
Genes code for proteins DNA is transcripted into RNA RNA is translated into protein by ribosomes Genes regulated by control of RNA production

3 Lecture Outline Protein synthesis tRNA structure
adding amino acids to tRNA ribosome structure ribosome attachment protein synthesis :initiation, elongation, attachment

4 Concepts from OAC Structure & Function of DNA & RNA Genetic code
Transcription & translation Protein synthesis

5 Background Terms & Concepts
Structure of DNA & RNA Ribosomes Enzymes

6 CODONS sequences of three adjacent nucleotides that code for one amino acid or polypetide termination 64 codons encrypt of ~ 20 amino acids degenerate ACU, ACC,ACA, ACG threonine Start codon AUG (also codes for methionine) Stop codon UAA,UAG,UGA (nonsense codons)

7 Interpreting the Genetic Code
Two step process :Transcription -translation Transcription DNA --> RNA Translation RNA--> protein

8 Transcription Production of an RNA copy of the gene occurs in nucleus
DNA unravels- single strand RNA Polymerase binds to Promotor site Reads to stop codon assembles complementary single strand of RNA (primary RNA) Disengages when reaches stop codon

9 Ribosomal RNA called rRNA found in Ribosomes catalytic site
provides site for protein assembly ribosomal structure different in eukaryotes and prokaryotes

10 Prokaryotic ribosome 70S large ribosomal subunit 50S 1,600,000
34 proteins 5S RNA 120 nucleotides 23S RNA 2900 nucleotides Small ribosomal subunit 30S 900,000 21 proteins 16s RNA 1540 nucleotides

11 Eukaryotic ribosome 80 S 4,200,000 large subunit 60S 2,800,000
49 proteins 5s RNA 120 nucleotides 28s RNA 4700 nuclotides 5.8 s RNA 160 nuclotides Small subunit 40S 1,400,000 33 proteins 18s RNA 1900 nuclotides

12 Transfer RNA called tRNA Smaller than mRNA or rRNA found in cytoplasm
40 different kinds of tRNA transports amino acids to ribosome positions amino acids on elongating polypeptide

13 tRNA

14 tRNA

15 tRNA Activating Enzymes
Specific for each type of tRNA called tRNA synthetase binds to specific amino acid binds to specific nucleotides in tRNA covalently crosslinks amino acid to free 0H water is lost

16 Large Ribosomal Subunit
Two tRNA binding sites

17 Polysomes

18 Ribosomes on Rough ER

19 EM of Ribosomes

20 Protein Synthesis Formation of an initiation complex Chain elongation Chain termination

21 Concept Map:Protein Synthesis

22 Initiation of Protein Synthesis

23 Initiation 2

24 Initiation 3

25 Initiation 4

26 Internal Ribosome Entry Sequences
PicroRNA viruses cleave eIF4g and use IRES

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