1. TNO Environment, Energy and Process Innovation Menno Keuken Traffic and air quality in Europe Session 1: Mexico Workshop

2. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)2 Content EU road traffic development EU road traffic emissions Impact on air quality - cities Future impact on air quality Measures to reduce impact

3. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)3 EU road traffic development

4. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)4 EU fuel type

5. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)5 EU road traffic NOx emissions

6. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)6 EU road traffic VOC emissions

7. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)7 EU road traffic PM emissions

8. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)8 EU road traffic CO 2 emissions

9. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)9 EU urban background: % non compliance EU-standards

10. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)10 In addition to regular components ultrafine particles and …

11. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)11 EU air quality Clean Air for Europe – CAFE programme (EU policy) 6 Framework R&D programme National Emission Ceilings/EU-AQ Directives (member states implementation) Technological measures are not adequate to provide overall compliance with AQ standards in 2010

12. January 2004Impact of speed control on urban air quality (Rotterdam)12 Additional measures are required: noise, health and climate change Technological (i.e.catalysts, engine and fuel) comply with EU-emission standards per vehicle, but volume of traffic … Economic (i.e. road pricing, road tax, costly parking), but political/societal not popular Spatial planning (i.e. limited parking, transferia, residential/offices, public transport) effective, but long-term Traffic management (i.e. separate traffic lanes, “green” traffic lights flow, one-way streets and speed control) short-term and location-specific “hot spot” approach, effective, but requires control … Transition to sustainable transport is required based upon technology breaktrough (i.e. hydrogen fuel cell, intelligent vehicles and roads) combined with integrated spatial planning and improved public transport