1. Endocrine system with a dash of genetics

2. Endocrine Glands
Second messenger system that carries information to and from the brain. What’s the first?
Sends chemical messages (hormones) through the blood and other fluid systems
Hormones can travel anywhere in the body but are only received at the site they affect (the organ)
Also called ductless glands
Know the functions of each endocrine gland (page 172)!!!!!!!!!

3. What does each gland do? Pituitary Gland & Hypothalamus Thyroid Gland
Pituitary = “master” gland
Controls output of hormones from the other glands
Hypothalamus = watch dog
Monitors hormone levels in the blood and sends signals to correct imbalances
Thyroid Gland
Produces the hormone thyroxine
Too little thyroxine = lazy & lethargic
Too much thyroxine = overactivity, lose weight and sleep
Adrenal Glands
Become active when you are angry or frightened
Release epinephrine and norepinephrine (aka adrenaline and noradrenaline)
Raise in heartbeat and breathing rate
Heighten emotions of fear / anxiety
Also release cortical steroids
Help muscles develop
Tell liver to release stored sugar for emergencies
Sex glands
Testes and ovaries
Testosterone in men= growth of muscle, bones, development of male characteristics
Estrogen/ Progesterone in women= regulate reproductive cycle, and development of female characteristics

4. Hormone vs Neurotransmitter
Ex. Norepinephrine
Hormone= released into the bloodstream
Neurotransmitter= released directly next to the cell it is affecting
Timing
Neurotransmitters = thousandths of a second
Hormones = can take up to minutes

5. Heredity and Environment (Nature vs Nurture)
Heredity- genetic transmission from parents to offspring
Genes- the basic building blocks of heredity.
Twins
Identical twins- came from 1 fertilized egg (Monozygotic) genetically identical
Fraternal twins- 2 separate eggs were fertilized. Genes are no more similar than brothers or sisters.
What happens when identical twins are separated at birth and raised in two different environments?
Is athletic ability learned or inherited?
Can it be learned?